Abstract
Ministerial elites in Greece, Italy, Spain and Portugal have changed dramatically since these states began their slow march to democracy in the 19th century. Though changes have not homogenized the ministerial elites of Europe's South, each country has responded to the pressures of modernization, democratization and Europeanization with an increased role for the technically trained in government. Italy's response to these pressures stands out as unique, but each of the other states has managed to combine a decrease in the role of pure politicians with high rates of public satisfaction with democracy.
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