Abstract
Advances in technology and specialized instrumentation allow surgeons to study, refine, and modify minimally invasive surgery (MIS) to replace standard operations. This has occurred across many surgical specialties. The benefits of MIS include less swelling, less pain, shorter hospital stay, and faster return to daily activities. Oral and maxillofacial endoscopic techniques are used for access to the ramus condyle unit, maxillary sinus, zygoma, orbit, temporomandibular joint, and salivary ductal system. Although endoscopic techniques are also used in facial cosmetic surgery, this discussion focuses on noncosmetic procedures.
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