Abstract
Concluding Remarks The first formulation based on orientation angles for control variables leads to nonconvergent behavior if, during the iterative solution procedure, a gets too close to zero; this is because of a singularity in the formulation at a = 0. The second development, based on Lagrange's form of the equinoctial variables, solves this problem; however, without additional work the second formulation creates implementation problems in a hybrid symbolic-numerical computation environment. To overcome these difficulties, the ()* operator, developed herein, can be straightforwardly implemented in these codes.
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