Abstract
An in-depth understanding of mineralogical characteristics and the oxidation behaviors of ironsand is of great significance to make the best of ironsand and develop Ti-containing pellets. This paper quantitatively characterized the mineralogical characteristics of the ironsand from East Java in Indonesia through X-ray diffraction (XRD-Rietveld) and scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDS). The results indicated that the mineral composition of the ironsand was magnetite (22.7%), titanomagnetite (40.9%), enstatite (17.1%), hematite–ilmenite solid solution (14.5%), and magnesium iron aluminum silicon oxide (5.8%). The microstructure characterization of pellets after oxidation showed that the porosity of the pellets decreased from 20.7% to 11.7% with temperatures ranging from 1073 to 1473 K. Moreover, the activation energies of ironsand pellets were calculated by using model-function method. The calculated data of different mechanism functions indicated that the chemical reaction mechanism for the early stage of the oxidation fit A2 (random nucleation and nuclei growth) well, the chemical reaction mechanism for the post-oxidation at 1073–1273 K fit F1 (chemical reaction) well, and the chemical reaction mechanism for the post-oxidation at 1373 and 1473 K fit D4 (diffusion) well. The reaction mechanism and the limited link was finally discussed based on the kinetic analysis and the mineralogical characteristics.
Highlights
Vanadium–titanium magnetite is a type of important polymetallic mineral, which is mainly composed of Fe, V, Ti, and contains a small amount of Cr, Co, and Ni [1,2,3]
The calculated data of different mechanism functions indicated that the chemical reaction mechanism for the early stage of the oxidation fit A2 well with the R-square value of 0.90, the chemical reaction mechanism for the post-oxidation at 1073–1273 K fit F1 well with the R-square value of 0.91, and the chemical reaction mechanism for the post-oxidation at 1373 and 1473 K fit D4 well with the R-square value of 0.97
The mineralogical characteristics and isothermal oxidation kinetics of ironsand pellets in air were investigated through a series of experiments
Summary
Vanadium–titanium magnetite is a type of important polymetallic mineral, which is mainly composed of Fe, V, Ti, and contains a small amount of Cr, Co, and Ni [1,2,3]. Domestic and foreign scholars [12,13,14,15,16] have undertaken a lot of research on the influences of vanadium–titanium magnetite concentrate proportion on mineralogy, performance, and productivity of sinter. They suggested that due to the low iron content, small mineral crystal size, complicated phase structure, and numerous mineral components, V–Ti magnetite was a polymetallic paragenic resource that may be harmful to the sinter quality. They indicated that the increase of TiO2 content in the sinter could decrease the drum index, yield, and vertical sintering speed of the sintering, which limits the use of V–Ti magnetite
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
