Mineralization of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in soil previously enriched with organic substrates

Abstract

Samples of chernozem soil were enriched with vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid glucose, a mixture of glucose and (NH4)2SO4 (C : N = 5 : 1), ethanol and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). After a 6-d (with 2,4-D 35-d) incubation during which primary oxidation of the introduced substrates occurred, the soil was supplied with a solution of 2-14C-2,4-D (50 ppm; 6.7 kBq) and production of 14CO2 (product of microbial degradation of 2,4-D) was measured. Previously enriched samples exhibited a higher degradation rate; both the lag phase and doubling time of mineralization activity in the exponential phase of the process were markedly higher. This reflected an overall proliferation of bacteria and the increased relative proportion of bacterial strains capable of mineralizing 2,4-D in enriched samples. The stimulation of 2,4-D degradation may involve specific adaptation and selection mechanisms (as in the case with samples previously enriched with 2,4-D or its structural analogues--aromatic monomers, ethanol) as well as non-specific mechanisms. The extent of mineralization of 2,4-D was not affected by soil pretreatment, about 1/3 of introduced radioactive carbon being invariably transformed to 14CO2.