Mineral Composition of the Productive Bed and Features of Chromites in the Lukoyanov Placer District (Nizhny Novgorod Region)

Human herpes virus 6B (HHV6B) is a ubiquitous causative agent of mononucleosis-like syndrome (MLS) and other diseases. The diversity of HHV6B infection may be due to virus genetic polymorphism. Molecular genetic diversity of circulating HHV6B, as well as its impact on the clinical and laboratory features of HHV6B infection have not been studied. The aim of the work was to study the intraspecific diversity of HHV6B circulating among children in Nizhny Novgorod (Russia) region, and to investigate its effect on MLS clinical and laboratory features. Blood leukocytes and saliva DNA samples from healthy children and children with HHV6B infection were analyzed for HHV6B DNA detection. Original intraspecific HHV6B classification based on detecting signature nucleotide substitutions in the sequence of the U90 gene fragment, was used for virus typing. A relationship between HHV6B genovariant and clinical/laboratory MLS characteristics was studied using multivariate statistical methods. Circulation of four HHV6B genovariants was shown among children in Nizhny Novgorod region: HHV6B/GV2e, HHV6B/GV2b (dominant genovariants), HHV6B/GV1a and HHV6B/GV2a (minor genovariants). Children with MLS infected with HHV6B/GV2e genovariant were more likely to have laboratory signs of cytolysis and increased peripheral blood lymphocyte count. Children with MLS infected with the HHV6B/GV2b genovariant were more likely to have higher mature neutrophil level. An increase of HHV6B viral load in leukocytes was accompanied by aggravated intoxication symptoms. Co-infection with the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) led to more severe symptoms of acute tonsillitis, hepatosplenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy. Patients with EBV were more likely to have higher ALAT and lymphocyte level along with decreased mature neutrophil count. In children with MLS, EBV coinfection caused smaller HHV6B viral load in blood leukocytes (in children with HHV6B DNA 10 or more copies/105 cells) and lower HHV6B DNA detection frequency in saliva (in children with HHV6B DNA less than 10 copies/105 leukocytes). The results show the influence of genetic HHV6B polymorphism upon the clinical and laboratory features of MLS in children, and also demonstrate that HHV6B/GV2e and EBV cause similar disease symptoms.

The paper is dedicated to methodology for archeological heritage sites delimitation within set- tlements. There are different options to justify borders of archeological heritage sites. These options are caused by significant difficulties in archeological field works in settlements. The difficulties arise due to a high level of economic development, which is represented by residential buildings and outbuildings, roads, pavements, amenities. The authors review how practice combines test-pitting, topographic situation analysis, use of historical and source maps in delimitating discovered archeological heritage sites in Nizhny Novgorod and Kirov Regions in 2021–2022. In particular, the paper describes the cases of discovery of Ancient Settlement Lvovka (1800s – early 1900s) in Lvovka, Bolsheboldinsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Cultural Layer Site in the North-East of Bogorodskoe (1700s – early 1900s) in Bogorodsk, Bogorodsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Cultural Layer Site at the southern edge of Diveyevo (1700s – early 1900s) in Diveyevo, Diveyevsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Bogoslovskoe Cemetery of Khlynov-Vyatka (1700s – 1900s) in Kirov, Kirov Region, Ancient Settlement Pavlovo-4 in Pavlovo, Pavlovsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Region.

The subject of the study is the formation and development of foreign tourism in the Nizhny Novgorod (Gorky) region in the first decades of Soviet power. The purpose of the paper is to describe the problems faced by the tourism industry in organizing work to attract foreign tourists. With the beginning of the "Stalinist modernization", the flow of foreign tourists is increasing. But the material and technical base of the tourism industry turned out to be completely unprepared for this. There was also a catastrophic lack of trained personnel to work with intourists. To get out of this situation, the government creates the GAO "Intourist", which becomes a monopolist in the organization and reception of foreign tourists. The methodology of the work is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity, as well as a systematic approach that allows a comprehensive examination of the subject under study. The novelty of the scientific work lies in the identification and generalization of historical sources, the involvement in scientific circulation of archival data showing the activities of the Gorky Regional Department in the period under study. The conducted research has shown that the need to open representative offices of GAO "Intourist" abroad, the organization of work with intourists already on the territory of the USSR faced an acute shortage of highly qualified personnel. The solution to this problem was the organization of courses for the training of tour guides with knowledge of foreign languages. Problems with the accommodation of intourists in hotels, poor transport provision were the result of chronic underfunding of the industry. The explanation for this is the need for industrialization in the USSR. Therefore, the tourism industry was provided on a residual basis.

A scientific session of the Physical Sciences Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) took place on 6 October 2010 in the Conference Hall of the Lebedev Physical Institute, RAS (FIAN) on the occasion of the 65th anniversary of founding of the Russian Federal Nuclear Center — All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Physics (RFNC–VNIIEF). The agenda of the session announced on the website www.gpad.ac.ru of the RAS Physical Sciences Division listed the following reports: (1) Ilkaev R I (RFNC–VNIIEF, Sarov, Nizhny Novgorod region). Opening remarks “On the fundamental physics research programs at RFNC–VNIIEF“; (2) Mikhailov A L (RFNC–VNIIEF, Sarov, Nizhny Novgorod region) “Hydrodynamic instabilities in various media“; (3) Trunin R F (RFNC–VNIIEF, Sarov, Nizhny Novgorod region) “Study of extreme states of metals using shock waves“; (4) Ivanovskii A V (RFNC–VNIIEF, Sarov, Nizhny Novgorod region) “Explosive magnetic energy generators and their application in research“; (5) Podurets A M (RFNC–VNIIEF, Sarov, Nizhny Novgorod region) “X-ray studies of the structure of matter in shock waves“; (6) Garanin S G (RFNC–VNIIEF, Sarov, Nizhny Novgorod region) “High-power lasers in studies of the physics of hot, dense plasma and thermonuclear fusion“; (7) Selemir V D (RFNC–VNIIEF, Sarov, Nizhny Novgorod region) “Physics research in ultrahigh magnetic fields“; (8) Mkhitar'yan L S (RFNC–VNIIEF, Sarov, Nizhny Novgorod region) “Gasdynamic thermonuclear fusion.“ Articles based on reports 1–7 are published below. An extended version of report 3 written as a review paper will be published in a later issue of Physics–Uspekhi. • Fundamental physics research at the All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Physics, R I Ilkaev Physics-Uspekhi, 2011, Volume 54, Number 4, Pages 387–392 • Hydrodynamic instabilities, A L Mikhailov, N V Nevmerzhitskii, V A Raevskii Physics-Uspekhi, 2011, Volume 54, Number 4, Pages 392–397 • Extreme states of metals: investigation using shock wave techniques, R F Trunin Physics-Uspekhi, 2011, Volume 54, Number 4, Pages 397–403 • Explosive magnetic generators and their application in scientific experiments, B E Grinevich, V A Demidov, A V Ivanovsky, V D Selemir Physics-Uspekhi, 2011, Volume 54, Number 4, Pages 403–408 • Pulsed X-ray diffraction structure study of shocked materials, A M Podurets Physics-Uspekhi, 2011, Volume 54, Number 4, Pages 408–414 • High-power lasers and their applications in high-energy-density physics studies, S G Garanin Physics-Uspekhi, 2011, Volume 54, Number 4, Pages 415–421 • Research in ultrahigh magnetic field physics, G V Boriskov, A I Bykov, M I Dolotenko, N I Egorov, Yu B Kudasov, V V Platonov, V D Selemir, O M Tatsenko Physics-Uspekhi, 2011, Volume 54, Number 4, Pages 421–427

The article describes the main stages of the emergence, formation and development of the occupational pathology service in one of the largest industrial regions of Russia and the USSR - the Nizhny Novgorod region. The origin of the service was due to the high industrial potential of the region and the plans of the USSR government to significantly increase it. The materials of the article indicate that the fundamental role in the origin and subsequent development of the occupational pathology service of the Nizhny Novgorod Province belongs to the Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Sofia Israilevna Skundina, who in 1925 headed the newly created professional section of the sanitary department of the Gubzdrav. Thanks to her work and organizational skills, a polyclinic for the study of occupational diseases began functioning in the city of Nizhny Novgorod, in Sormov in 1926. In 1927 the Nizhny Novgorod Vocational Dispensary was organized, which in 1929 was transformed into the Regional Institute for the Study and Control of Occupational Diseases. In 1929-1932 Sofya Izrailevna actively participated in the creation and organization of a network of medical posts at industrial enterprises of the province. In 1931 The Nizhny Novgorod Medical Institute has organized the Departments of Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Diseases (headed by one of the leading occupational pathologists of the country - Professor I.N. Kavalerov) and the Department of Social Hygiene and Health Organization (founded by S.I. Skundina) and started training of occupational pathologists.

Aim to study the characteristics of the consumption of antihypertensive (AG) drugs in the population of several regions of the Russian Federation the Samara region, the Nizhny Novgorod region and the Republic of Tatarstan. Material and methods. The range of AG drugs sold in the retail pharmaceutical market of the Samara and Nizhny Novgorod regions and the Republic of Tatarstan was selected for the study. To manage the obtained data, we used several methods like structural, comparative, logical, predictive, retrospective, graphic, marketing analysis. The results were processed using the normalization method and methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The monopreparations kept the main share of sales in each region: 90.22% in the Samara region, 90.85% in the Nizhny Novgorod region, and 93.72% in the Republic of Tatarstan). In 2021, the leaders in consumption were ACE inhibitors (28.41%, 26.61% and 32.7%, respectively in each region) and -blockers (25.87%, 29.02% and 21.15%). In total, these two subgroups accounted for more than a half of all monopreparations sold, counted in packages. In the subgroup of fixed combinations, the angiotensin II receptor blockers + diuretic were the most popular, which account for 35.38%, 29.73% and 22.13% of drug sales in this subgroup in the Samara, Nizhny Novgorod regions and the Republic of Tatarstan, respectively. In the subgroup of combined antihypertensive drugs, the multicomponent fixed combinations were among the leaders (10.22%, 8.20%, 12.10%, respectively in each region), however, in the total consumption of antihypertensive drugs, they accounted for less than 1%. Conclusion. This study revealed the features of the consumption of drugs prescribed for arterial hypertension in the Samara and Nizhny Novgorod regions, as well as in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2021. We identified the groups of antihypertensive drugs of most demand and found the leaders within these groups. It was established that there was a relationship between the volume of sales of antihypertensive medicines in physical terms (in packages) in the Samara region for the period 20172021 and the population of this region.

As we know, neoplasms are characterized by high prevalence. The purpose of this study was to analyse the dynamics of cancers in the Nizhny Novgorod Region in 2017–2019. Materials and methods. The object of this research were the residents of the city of Nizhny Novgorod and the Nizhny Novgorod Region who sought medical help at Polyclinic No. 3 of the Volga District Medical Centre, Russia’s Federal Medical-Biological Agency (Nizhny Novgorod). Computed tomography was used to diagnose neoplasms. Results. In 2017, 50,470 diseases were identified, of which 2548 were neoplasms (599 malignant, and the rest benign). In 2018, 57,012 diseases were diagnosed, of which 2710 neoplasms, 639 being malignant. In 2019, the statistics was rather similar: a total of 55,110 diseases, of which 2705 neoplasms (661 malignant). Thus, the total number of diagnosed diseases, neoplasms included, was somewhat less in 2017, which can be explained by certain improvement in diagnostics and reporting, as well as a more active participation of the population in screening in 2018–2019. The absolute number of malignant neoplasms, although not much, still grows annually, and they are typically diagnosed after the age of 55–60 years. In general, the most often attacked is the digestive system, which is indicated by a steady increase in the number of new diagnoses by 1.5–2 % each year. Fortunately, there is also a positive trend, i.e. the number of malignant tumours of the excretory system, skin and female repr oductive system is falling. For citation: Saburtsev S.A., Chemodanov P.G. Epidemiology of Oncological Diseases in the Nizhny Novgorod Region in 2017–2019. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 417–425. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z079

The article analyzes the program-target approach in the field of civic and patriotic education and the practice of its implementation at the regional level. The purpose of this work is to determine the specifics of the role of the volunteer movement (volunteerism) in this area on the example of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The author of the article highlighted the main parameters of the work of public authorities at various levels to promote the spread of volunteerism in general in Russia and in the region. Special attention is paid to the activities of Nizhny Novgorod volunteers who contribute to patriotic education and the formation of civic political culture in the region in the context of the implementation of the institute of volunteerism. The research interest is also rooted in the plane of youth policy. The main results, illustrating the features of the experience of the named region, are summarized. Firstly, it is concluded that the institute of volunteerism in the Nizhny Novgorod region is being strengthened every year, its goals and objectives are being updated under the influence of the policy pursued by the federal and regional authorities. Secondly, civil-patriotic actions and events are the foundation of volunteer activity in the Nizhny Novgorod region. Thirdly, the federal center is actively involved in the training of volunteers in the region and the consolidation of the volunteer movement here. Fourth, the prospects for the development of volunteerism in the Russian Federation and the Nizhny Novgorod region, problems and risks within the framework of the civil-patriotic block of the volunteer movement are identified. Fifthly, it can be stated that the expansion of the tools of public associations leads to the fact that the sphere of activity of Nizhny Novgorod volunteers is filled with another direction – cultural education, which is one of the vectors of preserving historical memory and an important factor in preserving patriotic values.

The article compares indicators characterizing the achievement of sustainable development goals in the framework of national projects for two regions - Nizhny Novgorod and Moscow regions, which differ in the degree of urbanization. The Nizhny Novgorod region is inferior to indicators, both in the Russian Federation and in the Moscow region. Lagging behind the Nizhny Novgorod region in the main targets will require more efforts in achieving development goals. Analysis of changes in the administrative structure of rural territories of the regions for 2011-2020 showed that the enlargement of municipalities and the creation of urban and municipal districts accelerates the formation of rural-urban territories. In the Moscow region, rural settlements were completely eliminated, urban districts were created. Sustainability of rural development is defined as a complex concept, stable state and balanced harmless use of resources in each of the interconnected areas of development. There are an organization, an environment, a territory.

Objective: based on a sociological research, to analyze, study and disclose the types, forms and quality of interaction between representatives of small and medium-sized businesses of the Nizhny Novgorod region with the economic security and anti- corruption units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.Methods: general scientific (analysis, systemic-structural approach to the analysis of the research object, comparative legal method), as well as logical and specific scientific methods (survey – questioning of the business community of the Nizhny Novgorod region).Results: the methods and features of interaction between representatives of small and medium-sized businesses and departments of economic security and anti-corruption of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia of the Nizhny Novgorod region in the course of entrepreneurial activity are identified and classified; the problems in the interaction of representatives of small and medium-sized businesses and departments of economic security and anti-corruption of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Nizhny Novgorod region are analyzed.Scientific novelty: based on the opinions of representatives of small and medium-sized businesses of the Nizhny Novgorod region, the article identifies and systematizes the main characteristics, including problematic ones, of the level and quality of interaction between representatives of small and medium-sized businesses with economic security and anti-corruption units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Based on the empirical research data obtained, the types and forms of interaction, ways of their implementation, and a mechanism for assessing the quality of interaction between representatives of small and medium-sized businesses of the Nizhny Novgorod region with economic security and anti-corruption units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the future are proposed. Among them, the obligation to voluntarily report cases of corruption and economic offenses; to support their employees who informed about the preparation or commission of an economic or corruption offense; to provide legal information to employees on the prevention of corruption and economic offenses; to assist authorized representatives of the units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in conducting inspections of the organization’s activities; to support the identification and investigation of corruption, economic crimes and by the units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and to involve specialists in the relevant field of law when preparing responses to requests from law enforcement agencies.Practical significance: the study results can be used to improve the quality of interaction between representatives of small and medium-sized businesses with the divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, in particular, by entrepreneurs assuming public obligations to report cases of corruption and economic offenses to law enforcement agencies, which the organization (employees of the organization) became aware of, as well as the implementation of measures to support the employees who reported to law enforcement agencies about information that became known to them during the performance of their work duties about the preparation or commission of an economic or corruption offense.

Background . Volga Research Medical University is participating in a comprehensive study of COVID-19 in the Nizhny Novgorod region. One of the objectives of this project is to create a register of patients with an established diagnosis of COVID-19 for further monitoring of their health status. Aim was to provide a clinical and epidemiological description of 253 cases of infection included in the patient registry at the time of writing the manuscript. Results. Women accounted for 62%; the median age of the diseased women was 59,0, the median age of men was 54.5 years. In the age structure of people who underwent COVID-19, a group of people from 45 to 65 years old (45%) was in the lead. In approximately equal pro- portions, there were cases of infection with moderate severity and severe course (27,7 and 35,6%, respectively). There were no differences in severity between women and men undergoing COVID-19 (p=0,6). A positive weak correlation of the severity of the infectious process with the patient's age was noted (r=+0,2; p=0,007). The length of hospital stay ranged from 4–5 to 34 days, averaging 15,18±6,36 hospital days. This parameter was slightly higher for men compared to women. The number of hospital days spent in the hospital correlated with the patient's age (r=+0,14; p=0,034). Hospitalization of patients with signs of COVID-19 was most often carried out in medical organizations in the city of Nizhny Novgorod (75,9%). Conclusion. The register of convalescents currently being created is planned to be used in the future as part of a regional comprehensive study of the problem of COVID-19 in the Nizhny Novgorod Region.

BACKGROUND: Domestic and foreign studies have shown the presence of correlations between the prevalence of urolithiasis, anthropogenic factors, and composition of the water consumed by the population. In the Nizhny Novgorod Region, there is a high incidence of urolithiasis; thus, the identification of its causes appears to be an urgent task.
 AIM: To assess the prevalence and identify predictors of the incidence of urolithiasis in the rural population of the Nizhny Novgorod Region.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in the Nizhny Novgorod Region. Annual reports of patients seeking medical care for urolithiasis for 3 years in 49 central district hospitals and two large regional hospitals were analyzed. The incidence rate of urolithiasis was calculated according to the treatment of patients with urolithiasis also for 3 years in relation to the population of each district. Information about drinking sources was obtained by questioning 800 patients with urolithiasis who were treated at the Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Hospital. The chemical composition of drinking water was assessed in accordance with the requirements for drinking water SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01. The mineralogical composition of 1000 urinary stones of patients from rural areas of the Nizhny Novgorod Rregion was retrospectively analyzed using a Nicolet iS5 IR-Fourier spectrometer.
 RESULTS: In this study, 38 (77.5%) districts of the Nizhny Novgorod Region have unfavorable conditions for urolithiasis. Moreover, 59.5% of the rural population are using water from underground sources (wells). Significant correlations were found between the incidence of urolithiasis and the chemical composition of the water consumed, particularly water hardness. The analysis of the mineralogical composition of urinary stones showed their polycomponent composition in 89.5% of the cases. Differences in the chemical composition of stones are associated with the environmental factors of the region, one of which is drinking water.
 CONCLUSIONS: Most of the rural population of the Nizhny Novgorod Region is at risk for urolithiasis. Significant differences in the incidence of urolithiasis were dependent on the degree of hardness of the groundwater used for drinking. Increased water hardness is a significant risk factor for the development of urolithiasis.

This article is devoted to the imams’ prison service of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Nizhny Novgorod Region (DUMNO) in the institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in 2007-2021. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the imams’ work comes as a contribution to the observance of the convicts’ rights for the freedom of conscience and to the help in practicing their religion. This article describes the evolution of the imams’ prison service as a form of social service in the period from 2007 to 2021 in institutions of to the Offi ce of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in Nizhny Novgorod Region. The source base of the study includes materials of the offi cial websites of the DUMNO, the Offi ce of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in Nizhny Novgorod Region, the media content, Russian legislation and regulations, interviews with imams, offi cials of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia and convicts. The study results a vision of the evolution of relations between DUMNO and the Offi ce of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in Nizhny Novgorod Region. The paper demonstrates a gradual increase in the number of imams’ contacts, forms of work with convicts to improve the situation in the fi eld of rights of convicts. Moreover, the research exposes the fact of growing numbers of imams having gained experience in prison service. According to the results of the study Islamic education for convicts comes as the important part of imams’ prison service.

Introduction: Today, we are witnessing the process of forming a fundamentally new epidemiological situation on infectious mononucleosis. Over the past decade, a general increase in the incidence of infectious mononucleosis, its proportion in the structure of respiratory tract infections, and economic importance was noted in Russia. Information about the epidemic process of infectious mononucleosis in different areas is limited. Our objective was to study the features of the epidemic process of infectious mononucleosis in the Nizhny Novgorod Region in 2010–2019. Methods: We conducted a retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of infectious mononucleosis in the Nizhny Novgorod Region for 2010–2019 based on official statistics using standard statistical approaches. Results and discussion: The long-term incidence rate of infectious mononucleosis in the Nizhny Novgorod Region was stable (+0.6 %) with the long-term average rate of 12.6 ± 0.6 ‰оо. An autumn-winter-spring seasonality with two distinct peaks (in November–December and May) was revealed. The majority of cases were children aged 0–14 years (72.8 ± 2.2 %). The highest incidence rates were regis�tered in the age groups of 1–2 and 3-6 years. We established a reverse trend in the disease incidence among children aged 0–6 (decrease) and 7 years and older (increase). Adolescents aged 15–17 demonstrated the most pronounced growth rate (+7.5 %). The typical annual dynamics in adults was distinguished by a clear spring-summer seasonality, the absence of a characteristic growth in the autumn months, and a low rate in December. The identified features of the epidemic process in different age groups require clarification and detailing. Conclusions: We established recent patterns and features of the epidemic process of infectious mononucleosis in the Nizhny Novgorod Region. This work is an important component of epidemiological surveillance of infection and a scientific basis for improving the existing system of preventive and anti-epidemic measures.

The relevance of research. Workforce quality is paramount to the development of innovative economy and socio-economic development of territorial systems. Not all regions, however, are able to train sufficient R&D personnel to meet the needs of their innovative economies. The lack of research talent can be compensated by establishing cooperative relationships with other territorial systems. Therefore, it is important to study the existing interregional interconnections in the development of research talent and to identify the key priorities in this sphere. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the relationship between the indicators of development of research talent in different regions and their innovative activity. Data and Methods. The study uses spatial econometric modeling tools and methods for calculating global and local spatial autocorrelation indices of Moran P. and their dispersion diagrams. The spatial autocorrelation was calculated by using a standardized matrix of distances along the roads between the regional administrative centers. As a result of the analysis , a close relationship was found between the indicators of development of research talent in Russian regions and their innovative activity. The constructed regression model based on spatial data lead us to the conclusion that efficient innovative development requires a pool of STEM talent in the regions, which means that it is necessary to provide sufficient opportunities for training and education in this sphere. Conclusions. The study of the interconnections between the regions using the improved method of spatial autocorrelation of P. Moran revealed a cluster of closely interconnected regions (Moscow - St. Petersburg - Moscow region - Nizhny Novgorod region - Ryazan region - Ivanovo region - Tver region - Kostroma region - Tula region) and three potential clusters: ‘Volga’, ‘Ural’, and ‘Siberia’.