Millimeter and Microwave Sensing Techniques for Diagnosis of Diabetes

Abstract

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome described by hyperglycemia derived from insulin secretion, insulin action, or combined form deficiencies. Diabetes is considered one of the emerging epidemics of this century; this necessitates the research on the early diagnosis and essential control of diabetics. Along with the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, it is crucial to give due importance to the studies on the prognosis and prevention measures for diabetes. In the present chapter, the non-invasive millimeter and microwave sensing techniques are summarized that can be helpful for the prognosis and diagnosis of diabetes. These techniques are commonly used in measuring the dielectric properties of solutions such as glucose parameters and used in non-contact or subsurface skin sensing. Invasive methods cause discomfort and pain during diagnosis, as it takes blood drops to monitor glucose levels in the body. Millimeter and microwave sensing techniques have the potential for developing a medicinal gadget that non-invasively measures the blood glucose without following the usual procedure of finger pricking, taking a drop of blood, and using the test stripe; this facilitates minimum hassle and the best possible way to deal with the samples to examine and diagnose blood glucose levels. Painless glucose testing methods can aid in the proper management of diabetes for people of all ages, as current approaches like continuous glucose monitors or finger-prick tests cannot guarantee appreciable efficiency or convenience.KeywordsPrognosisDiabeticsMillimeterMicrowaveNon-invasive