Abstract
Introduction: The mild encephalitis (ME) hypothesis addresses a separate category of clinically meaningful CNS inflammation of a lower degree compared to classical encephalitis (CE), patients presenting with predominant psychiatric symptoms. Inflammation is a dimensional entity over time and space within various bodily compartments or tissues, triggered by infections, trauma, toxicity, and immune challenges. Low level grade brain inflammation (LLNI) should be causally involved in ME. Main candidates of ME were severe psychiatric disorders of affective and schizophrenic type, including prodromal stages, acute exacerbations. Short-lived CE in small localized sites within the brain would match with ME. Clinical assessment of ME depends strongly upon the methods used to identify neuroinflammation. The international consensus that both categories, of encephalitis and of encephalopathy, can associate with neuroinflammation, demonstrates the present theoretical and practical dilemma.
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