Abstract
A chromium-containing metal-organic framework (MOF), MIL-101 (Chromium(III) benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate), was used to catalyze the one pot, three component synthesis of some 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles under solvent-free conditions. The advantages of using this heterogeneous catalyst include short reaction time, high yields, easy and quick isolation of catalyst and products, low amount of catalyst needed, and that the addition of solvent, salt, and additives are not needed. This catalyst is highly efficient and can be recovered at least 5 times with a slight loss of efficiency. The structure of the metal-organic frameworks (MOF) was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (HNMR) were performed to confirm some of the synthesized products. Experimental data indicated that the optimum amount of catalyst was 5 mg for benzil (1 mmol), 4-chlorobenzaldehyde (1 mmol), and ammonium acetate (2.5 mmol), and the synthetic route to the various imidazoles is performed in 10 min by 95% yield, an acceptable result rivalling those of other catalysts.
Highlights
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), known as porous co-ordination networks (PCNs), are a class of porous crystalline materials which are constructed from metal ions or metallic clusters as framework nodes connected to rigid bi- or polytopic organic ligands acting as linkers through coordination bonds [1,2,3,4,5]
MIL-101 MOF was used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of
2,4,5-trisubstituted 1H-imidazoles via condensation of 1,2-diketone with various aromatic aldehydes and ammonium acetate under solvent free conditions
Summary
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), known as porous co-ordination networks (PCNs), are a class of porous crystalline materials which are constructed from metal ions or metallic clusters as framework nodes connected to rigid bi- or polytopic organic ligands acting as linkers through coordination bonds [1,2,3,4,5]. MOFs’ structural and dynamic features, such as crystallinity, porosity, and tunability, can be designed to fill the gap between zeolites and surface metal-organic catalysts. These materials cover a much wider range of pore sizes than zeolites; they possess a substantial potential to be used as great heterogeneous catalysts [6,7,8,9]. Metal-organic frameworks can act as heterogeneous catalysts in reactions where the catalytically active sites can be either metal atoms located at the nodes (largely acting as Lewis acids) or any exposed terminal ligands (usually Lewis basic sites). We plan to apply the reusable tri-substituted imidazoles toin play protectiveofrole through imidazoles acetylWeinhibitory plan to apply theintri-substituted to play a protective cholinesterase activity the treatment imidazoles of Alzheimers’s disease [25]. role through acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity in the treatment of Alzheimers’s disease [25]
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