Abstract
ABSTRACT We present systematic effective permeability measurements of nanostructured granular systems composed of magnetic (Ni) grains embedded in a nonmagnetic (ZnO) matrix using broadband microwave spectroscopy. Using the transmission/reflection waveguide method, the effective complex permeability was measured in the frequency range 0.01–10 GHz. From the data collected, it is found that a mean-field approach (effective medium approximation) is appropriate for understanding the permeability of composite materials characterized by submicrometer inclusion length scales. A systematic study of the room temperature effective permeability tensor of these composite samples is performed and provides a signature for the nonreciprocity of wave propagation in these nanostructures.
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