Abstract
The microstructures and mechanical properties of cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloys produced by three CAD/CAM-based processing techniques were investigated in comparison with those produced by the traditional casting technique. Four groups of disc- (microstructures) or dumbbell- (mechanical properties) specimens made of Co-Cr alloys were prepared using casting (CS), milling (ML), selective laser melting (SLM), and milling/post-sintering (ML/PS). For each technique, the corresponding commercial alloy material was used. The microstructures of the specimens were evaluated via X-ray diffractometry, optical and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction pattern analysis. The mechanical properties were evaluated using a tensile test according to ISO 22674 (n = 6). The microstructure of the alloys was strongly influenced by the manufacturing processes. Overall, the SLM group showed superior mechanical properties, the ML/PS group being nearly comparable. The mechanical properties of the ML group were inferior to those of the CS group. The microstructures and mechanical properties of Co-Cr alloys were greatly dependent on the manufacturing technique as well as the chemical composition. The SLM and ML/PS techniques may be considered promising alternatives to the Co-Cr alloy casting process.
Highlights
The production of metallic restorations in the dental laboratory has conventionally been carried out using the traditional cast method based on the lost wax process [1,2,3]
In the present in vitro study, the microstructures and mechanical properties of Co-Cr dental alloys fabricated by four different manufacturing methods were investigated and compared to each other
The findings of this study clearly showed that the microstructures, and, mechanical properties of the alloys, were greatly dependent on the manufacturing techniques, together with the chemical compositions of the alloys used
Summary
The production of metallic restorations in the dental laboratory has conventionally been carried out using the traditional cast method based on the lost wax process [1,2,3]. Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing procedure that produces metal components directly from a three-dimensional (3D) CAD model by fusing fine layers of metal powder using a high-power focused laser beam [13] This process currently requires very expensive equipment and is, restricted to large CAD/CAM centers in the dental industry [3]. Information on the comparative mechanical properties of Co-Cr alloys fabricated using CAD/CAM-based processing techniques and the relationships of such properties with alloy microstructures will enable the dental clinician to select appropriate alloys in different clinical situations where metal restorations are indicated [9].
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