Abstract
Microstructure, texture evolution, and mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–1.5Cr–2.5Mo–0.5Fe–0.3Si (VT3-1) titanium alloy processed by multi-pass drawing and subsequent isothermal annealing were systematically investigated. A fiber-like microstructure is formed after warm drawing at 760 °C with 60% area reduction. After isothermal annealing, the samples deformed to different amounts of area reduction show a similar volume fraction (80%) of α phase, while the sample deformed to 60% exhibits a homogeneous microstructure with a larger grain size (5.8 μm). The major texture component of α phase developed during warm drawing is centered at a position of {φ1 = 10°, φ = 65°, φ2 = 0°}. The textures for annealed samples are almost along the orientation of original deformation textures and show significant increases in orientation density and volume fraction compared with their deformed states. In addition, for the drawn samples, the ultimate tensile strength increases but the ductility decreases with increasing drawing deformation. A negative slope of yield strength of annealed samples versus grain size (d−1/2) is found due to the difference between texture softening for as-rolled + annealed state and texture hardening for drawn + annealed state. The mechanical properties of annealed samples are found to be strongly dependent on grain size and texture, resulting in the balance of the strength and ductility.
Highlights
Titanium alloys have been used in the aircraft industry and marine engineering due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, good ductility, excellent fatigue properties, and corrosion resistance.In particular, two-phase titanium alloys are widely used as structural materials owing to their high strength and adequate ductility [1,2,3,4]
It was revealed that the evolution of microstructure and crystallographic texture are associated with primary recrystallization in titanium alloys [1,17,18]
A series of systematical studies have been performed on the texture of titanium alloys in the process of deformation and post-deformation heat treatment [19,20,21,22,23,24,25], limited literature is available on texture evolution of VT3-1 titanium alloys fabricated by multi-pass warm drawing and subsequent isothermal annealing
Summary
Titanium alloys have been used in the aircraft industry and marine engineering due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, good ductility, excellent fatigue properties, and corrosion resistance. Two-phase titanium alloys are widely used as structural materials owing to their high strength and adequate ductility [1,2,3,4]. The Ti–6Al–1.5Cr–2.5Mo–0.5Fe–0.3Si alloy (known as VT3-1) is a typical two-phase titanium alloy, mainly used for gas turbine blades and fasteners owing to the balance of strength and ductility, toughness, and temperature capability up to. It was revealed that the evolution of microstructure and crystallographic texture are associated with primary recrystallization in titanium alloys [1,17,18]. In principle, thermo-mechanical processing routes determine the types of texture components together with the microstructures. A series of systematical studies have been performed on the texture of titanium alloys in the process of deformation and post-deformation heat treatment [19,20,21,22,23,24,25], limited literature is available on texture evolution of VT3-1 titanium alloys fabricated by multi-pass warm drawing and subsequent isothermal annealing
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