Abstract
In this paper, microstructure study of pinning sites of highly (0001) textured Sm(Co,Cu)5 thin films was presented. Various types of pinning sites were identified, such as voids, grain/matrix boundaries (or crystalline/amorphous boundaries), grain boundaries between crystalline grains, and composition inhomogeneity in grains. One key finding of TEM elemental mapping was that Cu atoms were rich in the inner part of Sm(Co,Cu)5 grains (defined by Sm and Co concentrations), instead of the outer part of grains, such as grain boundaries. Cu served as an alloying element in Sm(Co,Cu)5 grains, not as a doping element to form Cu-rich grain boundaries. A model of Sm(Co,Cu)5 films with lateral graded anisotropy due to composition/crystallization variation can explain the huge difference between the HC and HK.
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