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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101533

Microstructure and thermal-infrared performance of Ag/TiN/Al₂O₃ multilayer thin films

Apr 1, 2026
Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications
Rohit Bharti +2 more

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Microstructure and thermal-infrared performance of Ag/TiN/Al₂O₃ multilayer thin films

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Managing high heat flux is one of the greatest technical challenges the integrated circuit (IC) industry is facing because the rising temperature limits device minimization and decreases its lifetime. In this paper, we report the characterization of the cooling effect of nanoscale Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 multilayered thin films. The multilayer thin film was prepared with e-beam evaporation, and had 21 layers (5-nm-thick each layer and 105-nm-thick total). A thermoelectric device of the multilayer film, which is sandwiched between a diode temperature sensor and a platinum temperature sensor, was fabricated to measure the cooling effect. A maximum cooling temperature difference of about 3 K was obtained from the film at an applied dc electrical current of 5 mA. The nanoscale multilayer film could be integrated in the IC devices for the application of high-efficiency thermoelectric solid-state cooling.

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OLEDs (Organic Light-Emitting Diodes) are already being used in many mobile devices and TVs, and the next generation of OLED displays will be flexible and foldable. These foldable and flexible OLED displays tend to reduce the radius of curvature under 2.5R and require excellent encapsulation characteristics at thin thicknesses. To satisfy these requirements, multilayer barrier films are considered to be indispensable for the OLEDs. Unlike a single thin film such as SiO2 and SiNx, which is currently applied, the multi-layer itself can produce an antireflection film effect due to a difference in refractive index of each thin film in laminated thin films, thereby reducing diffuse reflection. Also It is effective for blocking ultraviolet rays and loss stress.[1], [2]. Recently, The ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) method is used for developing thin film encapsulation technology, due to advantages of self limiting surface reaction and controlling the fraction of reaction. In this paper, SiO2, SiNx and multi-layer thin films were deposited on PEN (polyethylene naphthalate) films by using the NSi-01 single precursor by PEALD (Plasma Enhanced Atomic layer Deposition) technique at low temperature (90℃), and thin film thickness and refractive index were measured using a M2000D Spectroscopic Ellipsometer from Woollam. Also, the WVTR (Water Vapor Transmission Rate) characteristics of the deposited films were confirmed using a MOCON Aquatran 2. The refractive index of the SiO2 and SiNx film was 1.47 and 1.85 respectively, which confirmed the possibility of antireflection effect through the multi-layer thin film. The WVTR characteristics were measured according to the thickness of SiO2 and SiNx film over 100hrs. The both deposited SiO2 and SiNx thin film below 150Å showed poor or breakdown encapsulation property (Fig.1). In order to overcome this, the SiO2 film and SiNx film were stacked in order. The deposited multi-layer film showed excellent WVTR characteristics with a breakdown prevention of encapsulation property at thin thickness. Also, 2 to 3% of the carbon in the deposited SiNx film is expected to lower film stress and maintain the flexibility of the entire film (Fig. 2). [3] From this research, we confirmed the possibility of deposit multi-layer thin film consist of silicon oxide film and nitride film in one chamber using a one precursor by PEALD. Especially, multilayer type thin film deposition suggested the possibility of preventing reflection and water vapor simultaneously. References Hemant Kumar Raut,*a V. Anand Ganesh,a A. Sreekumaran Nairb and Seeram Ramakrishna*acd “Anti-reflective coatings: A critical, in-depth review” Energy Environ. Sci.,3784, 2011S. Chhajed, M. F. Schubert, J. K. Kim, and E. F.Schubert, “Nanostructured Multilayer Graded-indexAntireflection Coating for Si Solar Cells with Broadbandand Omnidirectional Characteristics”, Applied Physics Letters, vol. 93, p. 251108, 2008KwanDo Kim, SeokHee Jang, JongMin Kim* and SangMok Chang, “Characterization of Thin Film Passivation for OLED by PECVD” , Korean Chem. 575, 2012 Figure 1

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Apr 1, 2009
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At high frequency, displacement current in dielectric layers of multilayer magnetic thin films becomes significant, and eddy-current loss can be much worse than would be predicted without considering displacement current. Two-dimensional finite-element method simulations were used to study the behavior of eddy-current loss in multilayer thin films from 1 kHz to 1 GHz. A closed-form expression for accurate loss prediction with error less than 10% was developed, and its consistency with experimental measurements on Co–Zr–O/ZrO2 multilayer films was checked.

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