Abstract
Piezoelectric Pb(Zr x Ti 1− x )O 3 (PZT) ceramics with small amount (0.5–2.0 wt.%) of In 2O 3 are prepared by conventional sintering method. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis, the tetragonality of PZT matrix decreases with In 2O 3 content, indicating that In 2O 3 diffuses into PZT matrix. The microstructure of PZT matrix is significantly refined by doping small amounts of In 2O 3. The grain size reduction and the matrix grain boundary reinforcement are the probable mechanism responsible for the high strength and hardness in the PZT/In 2O 3 materials. The enhancement in Young’s modulus is attributed to In 3+ substitution. The decreased tetragonality with In 2O 3 addition results in less crack energy absorption by domain switching and, hence, causes the small reduction in fracture toughness.
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