Abstract
Dissimilar CuNiCrSi and CuCrZr butt joints were successfully frictionstirwelded at constant welding speed of 150 mm/min and rotational speed of 1400 rpm with the CuCrZr alloy or the CuNiCrSi alloy located on the advancing side (AS). The microstructure and mechanical properties of joints were investigated. When the CuCrZr alloy was located on the AS, the area of retreating material in the nugget zone was a little bigger. The Cr solute-rich particles were found in the nugget zone on CuCrZr side (CuCrZr-NZ) while a larger density of solute-rich particles identified as the concentration of Cr and Si element was found in the nugget zone on CuNiCrSi side (CuNiCrSi-NZ). The Cr precipitates and δ-Ni2Si precipitates were found in the base metal on CuNiCrSi side (CuNiCrSi-BM) but only Cr precipitates can be observed in the base metal on CuCrZr side (CuCrZr-BM). Precipitates were totally dissolved into Cu matrix in both CuCrZr-NZ and CuNiCrSi-NZ, which led to a sharp decrease in both micro-hardness and tensile strength from BM to NZ. When the CuNiCrSi was located on the AS, the tensile testing results showed the fracture occurred at the CuCrZr-NZ, while the fracture was found at the mixed zone of CuNiCrSi-NZ and CuCrZr-NZ for the other case.
Highlights
Copper alloys are widely used in industries for its high electrical conductivities
CuNiCrSiFigure butt joints with the CuCrZr alloy locatedand on the advancingmacrographs side (AS) or the CuCrZr/CuNiCrSi butt joints with the CuCrZr alloy located on the advancing side (AS)
From cross-section macrographs, it can be found that the area of in the nugget zone (NZ) is a little bigger when the CuCrZr alloy is placed on the AS
Summary
Copper alloys are widely used in industries for its high electrical conductivities. The strength of conventional copper alloys is usually limited in contrast with its high electrical conductivity [1]. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and electrical conductivity of CuCrZr alloy can reach to more than 530 MPa and 80% IACS [1]. The CuNiCrSi alloy shows a higher ultimate tensile strength of 600–800 MPa but a lower electrical conductivity of about 45% IACS due to different additions [2]. The dissimilar joints of CuCrZr and CuNiCrSi alloy with good balance of strength and electrical conductivity can be widely applied to many industries, such as large generator rotor and international thermo nuclear experiment reactor (ITER) components [3,4]
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