Abstract
Tungsten (W) fiber-reinforced tungsten (Wf/W) composite with ultra-high strength and high-temperature resistance is considered an attractive candidate material for plasma-facing materials (PFM) in future fusion reactors. The main component of Wf/W composite is tungsten wire, which is obtained through powder metallurgy and the drawing process. In this paper, high potassium (K)-doped tungsten wires with 98 ppm of K and 61 ppm of impurities are prepared using traditional and optimized processing technologies, respectively, and a comparative study with conventional K-doped tungsten wires with 83 ppm of K and 80 ppm of impurities is conducted. The high-temperature mechanical properties as well as the microstructure’s evolution of the prepared tungsten wires are investigated. The results show that the high-temperature performance of K-doped tungsten wires is improved by increasing the K content and by simultaneously reducing the impurities. By adopting small compression deformation and low-temperature processing technology, the high-temperature performance of high K-doped tungsten wires can be further improved. A microstructure analysis indicates that the excellent high-temperature performance is attributed to a combination of the small K bubble size, high K bubble number density, and long K bubble string, which are produced through optimization of the processing technology. A study on the processing technology and the performance of tungsten wires with a high K content and a high purity can provide important information regarding Wf/W composites.
Highlights
Introduction published maps and institutional affilTungsten, with its excellent high-temperature performance, high thermal conductivity, and good resistance to corrosion and sputtering, has been widely researched and used for several decades [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
The result of sample 2#-1 was the best of the four samples. These data show that the high-temperature properties of K-doped tungsten wires were improved by matching proper processing, increasing the potassium content, and reducing the impurities
We studied the microstructure and high-temperature performance of tungsten wires with 98 ppm of K and 61 ppm of impurities using two different processing technologies, comparing them to tungsten wires with 83 ppm of K content and 80 ppm of impurities
Summary
Introduction published maps and institutional affilTungsten, with its excellent high-temperature performance, high thermal conductivity, and good resistance to corrosion and sputtering, has been widely researched and used for several decades [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. Compared with refractory carbides or oxides, potassium (K) bubbles form the strongest high-temperature barriers in tungsten materials [5]. K-doped bulk tungsten is deemed an attractive potential plasma-facing material (PFM) for future fusion reactors and is considered one of the two most promising W-based alloys for the diverter in demonstration reactors (DEMOs) [8]. Different from bulk tungsten’s intrinsic toughening mechanism, the Wf /W composite relies on an extrinsic toughening mechanism, which has better ductility and a higher strength in long-term high temperature applications [9]. The preparation of Wf /W composite is not as mature as bulk tungsten material, it is still considered an attractive candidate. Wf /W composites can be prepared using two methods: by depositing W on K-doped tungsten wires and by mixing tungsten powder and iations
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