Abstract
Invar-36 is extensively used in fields where high corrosion resistance and dimensional stability are required. However, its hardness limits its use in tribological applications, such as in the manufacture of bulky composite tooling for the aerospace and automotive industries. In this paper, powder-pack-boriding is proposed for the production of the boride layer on Invar-36 superalloy at 975 °C for 5 and 7 h using the nano-sized boriding powder mixture of 90 wt% B4C and 10 wt% NaBF4 as a boron source. The grown boride layers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), 2D- and 3D-profilometry, microhardness measurements and ball-on-plate type wear tests. Microstructural characterization revealed a complex and homogenous boride layer mainly consisting of NiB, FeB and Fe2NiB phases with 176.9–189.1 μm thickness. The surface hardness of Invar-36 increased from 150.7 to 1109.5 HV0.05 after the boriding process. The improvement in surface hardness of the grown boride layer enhanced the wear resistance of the Invar-36 superalloy by 28.6–105 times.
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