Abstract
Cancer is a deadly disease and, globally, represents the second leading cause of death in the world. Although it is a disease where several factors can help its development, virus induced infections have been associated with different types of neoplasms. However, in bacterial infections, their participation is not known for certain. Among the proposed approaches to oncogenesis risks in different infections are microRNAs (miRNAs). These are small molecules composed of RNA with a length of 22 nucleotides capable of regulating gene expression by directing protein complexes that suppress the untranslated region of mRNA. These miRNAs and other recently described, such as small RNAs (sRNAs), are deregulated in the development of cancer, becoming promising biomarkers. Thus, resulting in a study possibility, searching for new tools with diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to multiple oncological diseases, as miRNAs and sRNAs are main players of gene expression and host–infectious agent interaction. Moreover, sRNAs with limited complementarity are similar to eukaryotic miRNAs in their ability to modulate the activity and stability of multiple mRNAs. Here, we will describe the regulatory RNAs from viruses that have been associated with cancer and how sRNAs in bacteria can be related to this disease.
Highlights
In addition to RNAs that encode proteins, different types of genes produce RNAs that are not translated into proteins and are called noncoding RNAs
Regarding its possible use as an antimicrobial target, we have to consider that it has been shown that noncoding RNAs can contribute to antibiotic resistance and, present potential value as pharmacological targets; it is known that small RNAs modulate tolerance to antibiotics by base pairing with mRNAs that encode important functions for resistance and it is known that bacteria can make changes in their repertoire of RNAs to antibiotics, so regulatory RNAs, including RNAs and their protein interaction partners, such as Hfq, may be useful as targets for antimicrobial chemotherapy [112]
Signaling by small RNAs (sRNAs) packed in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and transported out of bacteria associated with cancer must be addressed, since knowledge in this area is lacking and presents potential clinical applications as delivering vectors combined with possible small RNA based therapy
Summary
In addition to RNAs that encode proteins, different types of genes produce RNAs that are not translated into proteins and are called noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). SRNAs are highly structured, contain multiple loops, and behave to miRNAs in that they can bind to mRNA targets to regulate gene expression, but they have been shown to be capable of modifying protein function, mimicking the Processes 2021, 9, 2s2e34condary structures of other nucleic acids. Direct mechanisms include the deregulated expression of cellular oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that, in turn, influences the integration of the viral genome into the host genome [14] In this way, viruses implement a capable environment for their replication in the host cell through various forms, such as subsistence, proliferation, and transmission, promoting the risk of malignancy associated with viral infection [10,12]. Beyond focusing on reviewing each miRNA produced by oncogenic viruses, we will describe these similar mechanisms in miRNAs from oncogenic viruses with some examples
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
