Abstract
Auxin, primarily indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), is a versatile signal molecule that regulates many aspects of plant growth, development, and stress response. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs), a type of short non-coding RNA, have emerged as master regulators of the auxin response pathways by affecting auxin homeostasis and perception in plants. The combination of these miRNAs and the autoregulation of the auxin signaling pathways, as well as the interaction with other hormones, creates a regulatory network that controls the level of auxin perception and signal transduction to maintain signaling homeostasis. In this review, we will detail the miRNAs involved in auxin signaling to illustrate its in planta complex regulation.
Highlights
The plant growth regulator, auxin, participates in most aspects of plant growth and development, including cell expansion, vascular differentiation, lateral root (LR) formation, hypocotyl elongation, senescence, abscission, hormone crosstalk and stress responses [1,2,3,4]
In the absence of auxin, the Aux/indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) bind to the Auxin Response Factor (ARF) transcriptional factors to inhibit ARF mediated auxin-responsive genes transcription; when auxin is present, it mediates the binding of Auxin/Indole Acetic Acid (Aux/IAA) proteins to SCFTIR1/AFB to form a SCFTIR1/AFBAux/IAA complex, which leads to the ubiquitination and degradation of Aux/IAA by the 26S proteasome and frees the ARFs to regulate up or down their target genes [9]
In the last two decades, different miRNAs have emerged as master modulators of the auxin response pathway by affecting its biosynthesis, metabolism, distribution, and perception [138]
Summary
The plant growth regulator, auxin, participates in most aspects of plant growth and development, including cell expansion, vascular differentiation, lateral root (LR) formation, hypocotyl elongation, senescence, abscission, hormone crosstalk and stress responses [1,2,3,4]. The miRNAs, miR160 and miR167, are two conserved regulators of the auxin signaling pathway They modulate the expression of several AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) genes, which function as activators or repressors of primary auxin responsive genes in plants [23,24,25]. The miR160/ARF10 module is involved in regulating seed germination under different concentrations of ABA [27] (Figure 1A) Together, these results clearly suggest th3aotf 19 the auxin and ABA signaling pathways synergically control seed dormancy and germination via the miR160/ARF10/16/ABI3 regulatory loop. Together, these results clearly suggest that the auxin and ABA signaling pathways synergically control seed dormancy and germination via the miR160/ARF10/16/ABI3 regulatory loop. The miR160-miR167-ARF module represents a critical regulatory node that adjusts a wide range of processes in response to different environmental and developmental stimuli, including embryonic development, root initiation, and reproductive organ maturation
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