Abstract
BackgroundThis non-systematic review article aims to summarise the progress made in understanding the functional consequences of microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation in prostate cancer development, and the identification of potential miRNA targets as serum biomarkers for diagnosis or disease stratification.ResultsA number of miRNAs have been shown to influence key cellular processes involved in prostate tumourigenesis, including apoptosis-avoidance, cell proliferation and migration and the androgen signalling pathway. An overlapping group of miRNAs have shown differential expression in the serum of patients with prostate cancer of varying stages compared with unaffected individuals. The majority of studies thus far however, involve small numbers of patients and have shown variable and occasionally conflicting resultsConclusionMiRNAs show promise as potential circulating biomarkers in prostate cancer, but larger prospective studies are required to validate particular targets and better define their clinical utility.
Highlights
This non-systematic review article aims to summarise the progress made in understanding the functional consequences of microRNA dysregulation in prostate cancer development, and the identification of potential miRNA targets as serum biomarkers for diagnosis or disease stratification
Gonzales and colleagues [68] further investigated the role of miR-141 as a biomarker in advanced prostate cancer by looking at a retrospective cohort of 21 patients with metastatic prostate cancer
There is evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies that alteration in miRNA function plays a role in prostatic carcinogenesis. miRNA dysregulation influences a number of critical cellular processes involved in this process, including but not limited to: stimulation of the cell cycle, avoidance of apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and modulation of AR-mediated signalling
Summary
A number of miRNAs have been shown to influence key cellular processes involved in prostate tumourigenesis, including apoptosis-avoidance, cell proliferation and migration and the androgen signalling pathway. An overlapping group of miRNAs have shown differential expression in the serum of patients with prostate cancer of varying stages compared with unaffected individuals. The majority of studies far involve small numbers of patients and have shown variable and occasionally conflicting results
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