Abstract
AbstractThe thyroid produces and secretes adequate amounts of hormones that regulate various physiological processes, including growth, development, metabolism, and reproductive function. The production and metabolism of thyroid hormones are dependent on micronutrients such as iodine, selenium, zinc and iron. Iodine is essential for the proper synthesis of thyroid hormones. The risk of iodine deficiency is high in places where the food consumed comes from iodine-deficient sources. To avoid complications, various government strategies have been developed to enrich food with this element. Selenium is incorporated in the deiodinases, which are enzymes that also play an essential role in the metabolism of thyroid hormones, in addition to contributing to the antioxidant defense in the thyroid. Zinc participates in the process of deiodination, in addition to being necessary for the T3 receptor to adopt its biologically active confirmation. Iron is found in hemeproteins, including thyroid peroxidase (TPO), which participates in the first two stages of thyroid hormone biosynthesis. Deficiencies of these elements can impair thyroid function. In general, the influence of micronutrients on thyroid function reveals the need for more research to increase scientific knowledge so that preventive and therapeutic measures can be taken regarding thyroid dysfunctions, to maintain a healthy thyroid.
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