Abstract
In this research, the genotoxic effects of Kong-Jin-Dan (KJD), a polyherbal formula were evaluated using the mouse micronucleus test. KJD was administered once a day for 2 continuous days by oral gavage to male ICR mice at doses of 2000, 1000 and 500 mg/kg. Cyclophosphamide was used as a known genotoxic agent in a positive control. The appearance of a micronucleus is used as an index for genotoxic potential. In addition, the changes on the total white blood cells and differential counts on the lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils and monocytes in the prepared blood smears were also conducted to observe the possible immunosuppress. The results obtained indicated that KJD shows no genotoxicity effects up to 2000 mg/kg dosing levels, but KJD shows slight increased trends in the blood total leukocyte numbers as pharmacological effects of immune stimulation. In addition, it is also considered that there were no problems from cytotoxicity of KJD tested in this study because the polychromatic erythrocyte ratio was detected as > 0.42 in all tested groups.
Highlights
A polyherbal formula, Kong-Jin-Dan (KJD) is one of the most famous tonic agents, in Korean traditional medicine, and consisted of 4 herbs including Angelicae gigas radix, Ginseng steamed red, Corni fructus and Rehmanniae radix preparata, and 2 animal resources antler and musk
The experimental protocols were conducted in accordance with internationally accepted principles for laboratory animal use and care as found in the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) guidelines
Except for non-significant decreases of blood total leukocyte numbers detected in Cyclophosphamide· H20 (CPA)-injected group and increased trends in all three different dose of KJD groups as compared with intact control, no meaningful changes on the total blood leukocyte numbers and their differential counts were observed in all tested groups as compared with intact control, respectively (Table 5)
Summary
A polyherbal formula, Kong-Jin-Dan (KJD) is one of the most famous tonic agents, in Korean traditional medicine, and consisted of 4 herbs including Angelicae gigas radix, Ginseng steamed red, Corni fructus and Rehmanniae radix preparata, and 2 animal resources antler and musk. These 6 agents were plastered using honey, and coated by gold plates. In Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) guideline (2005-60, 2005), the genotoxicity should be tested prior to develop a new drug even though they have natural origin. Most of the mixtures having natural origin, genotoxicity has been performed using in vivo like micronucleus test (Kalantari et a/., 2007).
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