Abstract
The embrittlement of two types of nuclear pressure vessel steel, 15Kh2NMFA and A508 Cl.2, was studied using two different methods of magnetic nondestructive testing: micromagnetic multiparameter microstructure and stress analysis (3MA-X8) and magnetic adaptive testing (MAT). The microstructure and mechanical properties of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) materials are modified due to neutron irradiation; this material degradation can be characterized using magnetic methods. For the first time, the progressive change in material properties due to neutron irradiation was investigated on the same specimens, before and after neutron irradiation. A correlation was found between magnetic characteristics and neutron-irradiation-induced damage, regardless of the type of material or the applied measurement technique. The results of the individual micromagnetic measurements proved their suitability for characterizing the degradation of RPV steel caused by simulated operating conditions. A calibration/training procedure was applied on the merged outcome of both testing methods, producing excellent results in predicting transition temperature, yield strength, and mechanical hardness for both materials.
Highlights
The impact energy is recorded as a function of the temperature, where the temperature corresponding to an impact energy index value of 41 J, representing the ductile to brittle transition temperature (DBTT), and upper shelf energy (USE), representing fully ductile behavior, are determined
3MA-X8 and magnetic adaptive testing (MAT), were applied to the specimens described in Section 2.1 using predefined measuring parameters on the opposite side of the Charpy notch to avoid possible side effects that can alter the outcome of the measurements
The relationship between neutron fluence and the micromagnetic parameters is nonlinear since the dependence of the mechanical properties on neutron fluence is nonlinear as well
Summary
The safe operational lifetime of reactor pressure vessels depends on a number of factors, including design, chemical composition, microstructure, and mechanical characteristics of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels and their in-service-induced change in properties, defect occurrence, and tolerance, as well as operating conditions Regarding defects, their nature, location, size, density, and growth rate need to be considered. Progressive material degradation is assessed using destructive tests performed on surveillance specimens in the frame of periodic safety reviews (PSRs). These are standard tensile specimens and ISO-V Charpy specimens of exactly the same RPV steels and their welds. The disadvantage of destructive methods is that they do not allow for the characterization of the progress of material properties of the same specimen when successively damaged, and they are not applicable to the actual component
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