Microencapsulation of bioactive leaf extracts of <em>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</em> by freeze drying technology using sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as coating materials

Abstract

Bioactive crude ethanolic extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis was encapsulated with alginate–CMC using freeze drying technique. The microcapsules were characterized for particle size, morphology, physicochemical parameters such as solubility, swelling index, and micromeritics properties. FTIR was used to evaluate the interactions of the polymer and the extract. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the microcapsules were also demonstrated. Results revealed and irregular shaped microparticles with mean diameter ranging from 6.7–26.6 µm. Zeta potential and polydispersity index ranged from -17.01–2.23 mV and 0.344–0.489 respectively. Percentage yield and encapsulation efficiency ranged between 70.4–81.5 % and 74.2±0.011 – 82.43±0.772 %. In addition, the microcapsules exhibited high swelling index with poor solubility. Antioxidant activity of the microcapsules evaluated using DPPH and ABTS assays increased with increase in the concentration of the extract. Minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of the microcapsules against gram-positive foodborne pathogens ranged from 0.19–3.12 mg/mL and 0.19–12.25 mg/mL respectively. Moreover, the microcapsules at concentration of 1 mg/mL did not show cytotoxic effects on human colon cell CaCo-2. Alginate–CMC showed good encapsulation properties that preserved the bioactivity of the extract, thus might be employed for application of natural products in processing systems.