Abstract
Periodontal abscess is an oral infective disease caused by various kinds of bacteria. We aimed to characterize the microbiota composition of periodontal abscesses by metagenomic methods and compare it to that of the corresponding pocket and healthy gingival crevice to investigate the specific bacteria associated with this disease. Samples from abscess pus (AB), periodontal pocket coronally above the abscess (PO), and the gingival crevice of the periodontal healthy tooth were obtained from 20 periodontal abscess patients. Furthermore, healthy gingival crevice samples were obtained from 25 healthy individuals. Bacterial DNA was extracted and 16S rRNA gene fragments were sequenced to characterize the microbiota and determine taxonomic classification. The beta-diversity analysis results showed that the AB and PO groups had similar compositions. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and other Prevotella spp. were the predominant bacteria of human periodontal abscesses. The abundances of Filifactor alocis and Atopobium rimae were significantly higher in periodontal abscesses than in the periodontal pocket, suggesting their association with periodontal abscess formation. In conclusion, we characterized the microbiota in periodontal abscess and identified some species that are positively associated with this disease. This provides a better understanding of the components of periodontal abscesses, which will help facilitate the development of antibiotic therapy strategies.
Highlights
Periodontal abscess is an acute exacerbation of chronic periodontitis, exhibiting clinical symptoms of swelling and severe pain in the gingival margin
We used high-throughput barcoded 16S rDNA sequencing to characterize the microbiota in the periodontal pocket of patients with periodontitis and compared these to those of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
As the number of different kinds of bacteria was determined in the subgingival plaque of every patient, we hypothesized that periodontal abscess is caused by a combination of microbiota, and specific pathogens might be more dominant in the abscess than in the pocket and in healthy controls suggesting a positive-association with abscess formation
Summary
Periodontal abscess is an acute exacerbation of chronic periodontitis, exhibiting clinical symptoms of swelling and severe pain in the gingival margin. It is defined as a localized suppurative lesion that is related to periodontal alveolar bone loss and the accumulation of pus in the gingival wall of the periodontal pocket (Herrera et al, 2000). As the number of different kinds of bacteria was determined in the subgingival plaque of every patient, we hypothesized that periodontal abscess is caused by a combination of microbiota, and specific pathogens might be more dominant in the abscess than in the pocket and in healthy controls suggesting a positive-association with abscess formation. A clearer understanding of pathogens and the microbiota that cause periodontal abscess is necessary
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