Abstract
One of the major interests of lipid biotechnology is targeted on natural manufacturing of healthy oils containing polyunsaturated fatty acids. Of them, γ-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-6; GLA) as the key intermediate in the n-6 fatty acid family is involved to maintain the proper mammalian cell functions. Insufficient supply of GLA from agricultural and animal sources resulted in ‘hunting’ for appropriate microorganisms suitable to produce this essential fatty acid in high yield. Extensive studies on oleaginous lower filamentous fungi have led to development of two basic fermentation techniques for GLA production: submerged and solid-state fermentations. Each of the processes provide specific advantages in various applications depending on the GLA product form (GLA-rich oil, whole cells, and fermented mass) and might bring new prospects to fill marketing claims in food, feed, pharmaceutical, and veterinary fields.
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