Abstract
Population and industry growth as well as the usage of non-renewable energy resources are the main causes of greenhouse gases released into the earth's atmosphere and climate change. Also, finite, depleting supplies and the impact on the environment of fossil fuels make them unsustainable for energy production. Hence, causing a worldwide energy crisis. Therefore, research into alternative renewable energy generation becomes of great importance. In the past years and up to now, Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) has been widely studied. It does not appear only as a gifted technique for energy generation but also is an eco-friendly approach for generating electricity. MFC is an electrochemical technique in which organic substrates are oxidized through the action of microorganisms acting as a catalyst to produce electricity. This review mainly states the fundamental of microbial fuel cells: the basic principle of how MFCs operates, the bacteria used in MFC technology, MFC components, their relevance, and parameter affecting MFC performance and MFC designs. Electron transfer mechanisms are also explored.
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