Abstract
AbstractMajor environmental issues of current decades focus on lowering the carbon footprints and global temperature rise. Conversion of microalgae biomass to fuel is a promising platform for carbon-neutral biofuels which would decrease the dependency on petrochemicals. The current review describes a general characteristic of freshwater microalgae cell walls. The conventional techniques used to disrupt cell walls and extraction of intra as well as extracellular bio components consume energy. The conventional cell disruption techniques do not result in uniform disruption efficiency in all algal species due to differences in cell wall thickness. Further, the conventional cell disruption methodology applies energy in water rather than the algal cell. For example, microwaves, sonication, and other physio-chemical methods spend significant energy to heat water. The current chapter focuses on solvent-free green technologies such as enzymatic, cell lysis by bacteria, ultraviolet light, high-pressure gases, hot water pretreatment, osmotic shock, milking, and in situ extraction to disrupt cell walls. Further, it also highlights the extraction and fractionation bio components for fuel conversion.KeywordsDisruptionSolvent-freePretreatmentBiofuelsBio components
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