Abstract
The three-dimensional hierarchical SrS/Bi2S3 heterostructures were synthesized by a template-free single-step hydrothermal method. The structural and morphological studies revealed the formation of a single crystalline orthorhombic heterostructure with rod-like morphologies possessing a high aspect ratio. The field emission properties of SrS/Bi2S3 nanorods were investigated. J–E and the Fowler–Nordheim (F–N) plot, as well as long-term field emission (FE) stability, were studied. SrS/Bi2S3 nanoflowers have enhanced the FE properties more than the virgin Bi2S3. The observed values of the re-producible turn-on field for SrS/Bi2S3 defined to draw an emission current density of ca. 1 µA/cm2 were found to be ca. 2.50 V/µm, and of the threshold field to draw a current density of ca. 10 µA/cm2 were found to be ca. 3.00 V/µm (without visible light illumination). A maximum emission current density of ca. 527 μA/cm2 was drawn without light and a current density of ca. 1078 μA/cm2 with light, which is higher than that of pristine Bi2S3.
Highlights
Nanomaterials have been attracting great attention for catalytic, electronics, and electro-optical applications
Based on previous reports [21], we proposed a mechanism of field emission enhancement in 3D SrS/Bi2S3 nanoflowers due to hierarchical architectures
The epitaxial growth of SrS on the Bi2S3 nanorods is an important player in enhancing the ‘local’ field of the SrS/Bi2S3 emitter. In this ‘two-stage’ process, the ‘first’ enhancement in the local field was due to the ‘Bi2S3’ stem and further enhancement at the ‘branches’ (SrS) was owing to their high aspect ratio [22]. This is confirmed from PL results, which indicate that defects provided the recombination centers for photo-generated carriers, and less electron-hole recombination in SrS/Bi2S3
Summary
Nanomaterials have been attracting great attention for catalytic, electronics, and electro-optical applications. Hierarchically nanostructured materials are of great interest for field emission (FE)-based applications. The hierarchically nanostructured nanomaterials are attractive candidates for potential applications in a various range of vacuum micro/nanoelectronic devices. To develop a simple, economically feasible and scaled-up method for constructing hierarchically self-assembled architectures is a daunting task for various systems. In this regard, a promising methodology would be a solvothermal or hydrothermal approach [3]. We report the synthesis of architectured SrS/Bi2S3 consisting of self-assembled nanorods within nanoflowers via template-free solvothermal routes. We investigate the FE performance of a single isolated SrS/Bi2S3 nanoflower to explore its application in FE-based micro/nano-optoelectronic devices. To the best of our knowledge, this unique SrS/Bi2S3 composite for FE performance has been hitherto unattempted and, studied in detail
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