MGSO optimised TID‐based GCSC damping controller in coordination with AGC for diverse‐GENCOs multi‐DISCOs power system with considering GDB and GRC non‐linearity effects

Abstract

This study presents automatic generation control (AGC) in the presence of a gate controlled series capacitor (GCSC) to provide an effective frequency control ancillary service for a two-area diverse-GENCOs multi-DISCOs power system. First, the contribution of the GCSC in tie-line power exchange is formulated mathematically and then a tilt-integral-derivative (TID)-based damping controller is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed TID-based GCSC-AGC coordinated controller is compared with just AGC, proportional-integral-derivative-based GCSC-AGC, thyristor controlled series capacitor-AGC, static synchronous series compensator-AGC, and thyristor controlled phase shifter-AGC. A modified group search optimisation (MGSO) algorithm is employed to adjust the considered controllers. Physical limitations of generation rate constraint (GRC) non-linearity and governor dead-band (GDB) effect are taken into account in the evaluations to obtain realistic results. Bilateral contracts and pool-co transactions are considered concurrently for the realisation of a competitive environment. Simulations reveal that the proposed controller outperforms the other controllers in providing better dynamic responses. Additional evaluations are performed under the un-contracted step, sinusoidal and random load demands seen as contract violations to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed controller over other controllers. Sensitivity analyses are performed for different uncertainty scenarios to show the robustness of the proposed control approach.