Abstract
The N2 method is a fast nonlinear static method for the seismic design of buildings. This paper presents main properties and limitations of the method, its development over time, and possibilities of its application for different types of buildings. Differences between the traditional N2 method and its extensions are highlighted. Comparison of the N2 method with similar design approaches is also provided. The results obtained by calculations based on the N2 method are found to be in good agreement with the results obtained by much more complex methods. Guidelines for further research are given in the final part of the paper.
Highlights
With fast advancements in computational technology, increasingly powerful computers are used in the engineering practice, fostering development of new concepts and tools that will enable a more reliable study of seismic behaviour of structures
The objective of this study is to thoroughly investigate and provide better understanding of the nonlinear static method, and to point to potential areas for further research
The N2 method relied on the nonlinear dynamic analysis, which was later replaced by the pushover analysis to simplify the method [4, 7]
Summary
With fast advancements in computational technology, increasingly powerful computers are used in the engineering practice, fostering development of new concepts and tools that will enable a more reliable study of seismic behaviour of structures. The nonlinear static N2 method, developed by researchers from the University of Ljubljana in the late 1980s [4, 5] is a simple method that provides the engineering practice with reliable design results. The objective of this study is to thoroughly investigate and provide better understanding of the nonlinear static method, and to point to potential areas for further research It was recognized in the late 1990s [5] that nonlinear analysis needs to be used within the seismic design of structures to enable better control of damage due to earthquakes. It can reasonably be argued that the most accurate results are provided by the time history analysis, it is time-consuming and requires an extensive data input It is not frequently used in everyday design, especially in engineering practice. The following sections present development of the N2 method over the last two decades, including its limitations and application, while providing a brief overview of extensions of the method
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