Methodology for Estimating Efficiency of Business-Ecosystem Work and Managing Its Properties

The research is based on the materials of the largest oil and gas companies in Russia and China, whose total production in each country exceeds 86%. The authors used indicators that are available to the world statistics and relate to the system of sustainable financial growth in Russia and China from 1996 to 2016. The aim of the article is to study the impact of investments in personnel social welfare, energy efficiency and environmental protection on sustainable financial growth of the oil and gas industry. The research objectives are to develop a theory of sustainable financial growth in the oil and gas industry, as well as its assessment and forecasting tools. The authors use the methods of statistical analysis of financial, social, energy and environmental coefficients, and mathematical modeling. They propose a new methodology for calculating the index of the financial sustainable growth system. The authors substantiate the composition and the structure of the sustainable financial growth system of oil and gas companies in Russia and China, as well as the composition of the economic processes that influence or predetermine this growth. The relationship between the subsystem indicators were analyzed in the article. The article substantiates the index of the sustainable financial growth system of oil and gas companies in Russia and China. The authors developed a model for calculating the index of the sustainable financial growth system in the AnyLogic program. The results of the study showed that the factors of the “energy efficiency” and “social subsystem” subsystems affect financial sustainable growth in Russian oil and gas companies, but the financial subsystem is least dependent on the “environment” subsystem. The situation in Chinese oil and gas companies is the opposite: the financial sustainable growth is mostly affected by the factors of the “environment” and “energy efficiency” subsystems. The financial subsystem is least connected with the subsystem of personnel social welfare. Nevertheless, the study proves that in the oil and gas companies in both countries, nonfinancial indicators (each country has its own block) have a positive effect on the financial sustainable growth. According to the authors, the main conclusion is to consider social, energy and environmental indicators that have the strongest influence on the financial sustainable growth in the company’s financial statements. The developed AnyLogic model can be used to predict the index of the sustainable growth system and its management. The results of the study are recommended for the oil and gas corporations of China.

Self-referential and social processing are often engaged concurrently in naturalistic judgements and elicit activity in overlapping brain regions. We have termed this integrated processing ‘self-other referential processing’ and developed a task to measure its neural correlates. Ninety-eight healthy young people aged 16–25 (M = 21.5 years old, 67% female) completed our novel functional magnetic resonance imaging task. The task had two conditions, an active self-other referential processing condition in which participants rated how much they related to emotional faces and a control condition. Rating relatedness required thinking about oneself (self-referential processing) and drawing a comparison to an imagined other (social processing). Self-other referential processing elicited activity in the default mode network and social cognition system; most notably in the ‘core self’ regions of the medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex. Relatedness and emotional valence directly modulated activity in these core self areas, while emotional valence additionally modulated medial prefrontal cortex activity. This shows the key role of the medial prefrontal cortex in constructing the ‘social-affective self’. This may help to unify disparate models of medial prefrontal cortex function, demonstrating its role in coordinating multiple processes—self-referential, social and affective processing—to allow the self to exist in a complex social world.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the literature on gender, and specifically, women and entrepreneurship as well as present a process model of gender and entrepreneurship to guide future research.Design/methodology/approachFollowing research from Baron and Henry, the literature is organized into a process model of gender and entrepreneurship and a brief review of the research on each stage of the model is presented. Further, building on the process model, specific propositions associated with each stage that are motivated by expectancy theory are developed.FindingsResearch on women and entrepreneurship has increased over the last two decades and there is much research yet to be done.Practical implicationsPractical implications include that women may engage in networking activities focused on family and friends for obtaining financial resources.Social implicationsBased on this review, evidence suggests societal attributions and socialization processes relative to the sexes may create barriers to entry for women due to the uneven distribution of assets, educational foci, and daily life activity expectations amongst the sexes. These factors, in effect, create the glass ceiling that women are often described as facing that extends to entrepreneurship. To lessen these effects, women might be advised to pursue education within fields more closely linked to high‐growth industries.Originality/valueThe authors review research on women and entrepreneurship from 1993‐2010 and organize the literature within Baron and Henry's process model of entrepreneurship. As such, the paper illuminates a process model of gender and entrepreneurship that builds from and extends research linking the I/O psychology and entrepreneurship literatures.

Nowadays, the level of digitalization of Russian companies varies greatly depending on their scale, industry, form of ownership, etc. The low efficiency of management systems is one of the key reasons for an insufficiently fast or unsuccessful digital transformation of many Russian companies, which is caused both by the lack of management experience in the context of digital transformation and the undeveloped mechanisms of such management. The latter circumstance determines the important scientific problem of developing the methodological basis of strategic management of companies during digital transformation; the initial stage of which is the analysis of the current state of research in this area. The purpose of the study is to identify research prospects, as well as problems that need to be solved to create a methodology for strategic management of companies implementing digital transformation projects. A bibliometric and content analysis of published works was carried out, including a multi-staged publication selection procedure, which reduced the original list of papers from 516 items to 135 ones. The article offers the answers to the following questions: what preconditions for changing the theory and practice of management are created by digital transformation; what ideas and solutions concerning the concept and methodology of strategic management are proposed by the scientific community. Based on the systematization of the results of numerous studies, the paper identifies priority tasks for the development of an improved strategic management methodology. These tasks include improving the strategic management conception, enhancing strategic management mechanisms, developing a system for identifying mechanisms for companies of different strategic orientations and levels of readiness for digital transformation, and developing practice-oriented recommendations for the integrated use of strategic management methods to provide information support for the management processes in domestic companies.

Effective social interactions depend on the seamless integration of three essential elements: thinking, feeling, and doing. Thinking encompasses social cognitive processes like understanding social norms, interpreting contextual cues, and reading nonverbal signals. Feeling involves emotional regulation, which can positively or negatively influence our thoughts and behaviors. Doing pertains to the execution of social skills, where we make and carry out decisions smoothly during interactions. These elements operate simultaneously and dynamically, adding complexity to social interactions. This article underscores the significance of these components and presents a conceptual framework for understanding social interaction skills in youth with autism. Seminal and contemporary research studies will be reviewed and integrated with the author’s experience as both a researcher and clinician in the field of autism over the last four decades. The conceptual model presented in this article highlights the necessity for strategies that enhance social cognition, improve emotional regulation, and facilitate behavioral execution. Individuals with autism often experience significant difficulties in social communication and interpersonal functioning [1]. These challenges affect both social cognitive processing, such as perspective-taking, joint attention, cognitive flexibility, restricted interests, and social problem-solving, and social skills, including initiating interactions, responding to others, and maintaining reciprocal interactions. Social skill difficulties often result in substantial impairments in forming and maintaining peer relationships and are linked to negative outcomes like social failure, peer rejection, bullying, anxiety, depression, academic issues, substance abuse, suicidal ideation, delinquency, and other forms of psychopathology [2-6]. Longitudinal research shows that social skills at the start of kindergarten are strong indicators of future employment, criminal behavior, mental health, substance abuse, and educational attainment in young adulthood [7]. Despite its critical importance, finding effective social skills programs for children and youth with autism has been a challenging task for both practitioners and researchers [8]. There is a pressing need for effective social skills programs for children and youth with autism, however teaching these skills effectively is a complex and difficult process [8]. Numerous literature reviews and meta-analytical studies have examined social skills interventions for children and adolescents with and without autism [9-15]. While these studies show varied and conflicting results regarding the main effects of interventions, they consistently highlight issues with poor generalization of skills. Social skill difficulties are a pervasive and enduring feature of autism, and generalizing learned social skills can be particularly challenging for this group. Effective social skills programs that enhance acquisition of social skills and promote skill generalization are crucial for children with autism. Successful social interactions incorporate the successful integration of three integrated components: Thinking (i.e., social cognitive processing), Feeling (i.e., emotional regulation), and Doing (i.e., behavioral execution) [2]. For example, every social interaction requires us to engage in social cognitive processing. This involves understanding social rules, social norms and customs, reading contextual cues from the environment, and interpreting the nonverbal signals of those with whom we are interacting. This cognitive processing also helps us to consider and understand another person’s perspective while also monitoring and regulating our own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Ultimately, these processes lead us to make more effective behavioral decisions. Alongside cognitive processing, we also experience emotions that can influence our thoughts and behaviors in both positive and negative ways. Positive emotions enhance social engagement and pleasure, while negative emotions can cause physiological stress, self-defeating thoughts, and behavioral avoidance. Therefore, successful social interactions require not only effective social-cognitive processing but also the ability to actively regulate emotions that might hinder performance. In addition to effective social-cognitive processing and emotional regulation, successful social interactions also require the integration of one additional component: behavioral execution, or Doing. Social interactions are dynamic performances that demand us to continually make behavioral decisions and then execute them smoothly and effectively. This involves coordinating our motor movements and language production while staying in sync and rhythm with the movements and speech of the person with whom we are interacting. Lastly, and perhaps most critically, it’s important to remember that all these components-Thinking, Feeling, and Doing-happen simultaneously during social interactions. Makes solving algebraic equations seem easy by comparison, doesn’t it? This article explores these three interconnected components, particularly in the context of social interactions of youth with autism and lays the conceptual groundwork for the development and implementation of effective social skill programming.

The article is devoted to comparative analysis of the experience of marketing programs development used by pharmaceutical industry organizations operating both in Russia and in foreign countries. The relevance of the chosen topic is explained by the fact that, while trading in specific goods, it is important for the pharmaceutical industry to develop and implement the program containing the main aspects of product promotion, attracting consumers, and increasing the efficiency growth. The research methods are characterized by comparative analysis and information synthesis. The purpose of the study is to summarize the experience of domestic and foreign pharmaceutical companies in marketing programs development, taking into account the specifics of the main products. The results of the study are identification of the main tools used to attract and retain customers. The obtained results can be used by pharmaceutical companies in Russia to improve the quality of interaction with potential customers using the Internet, which determines the general vector of marketing programs for the development of pharmaceutical industry organizations. In the work domestic pharmaceutical industry is characterized as an object of marketing research. Development features of Russian pharmaceutical sector are highlighted, and theoretical analysis of marketing program concept is carried out. The author's interpretation of marketing program concept for pharmaceutical enterprise is proposed, and the stages of marketing program formation are highlighted. Peculiarities and general features of marketing program formation for domestic and foreign manufacturers are determined.

Institutional background as a determinant of boards of directors’ internal and external roles: The case of Russia

This paper generates insight into the social processes of observational learning and how these relate to entrepreneurship. Building on established theoretical frameworks of observational learning, it goes beyond the link between role models, self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions to understand how entrepreneurial models are observed within their original social settings. Empirically, it employs a life course qualitative research methodology to collect and interpret observations articulated as relating to the entrepreneurial journey. We extend previous studies by demonstrating how other people part of the same setting and timing of the observation influence the acquisition of entrepreneurial practices through observation.

Introduction. Social entrepreneurship is a relatively new phenomenon for world science. Scientists approach the systematization of knowledge in this field and the very definition of this term in different ways. And this, in turn, led to the existence of different approaches to the classification of social enterprises. A number of factors are due to the variety of classification features: a large number of social problems, the solution of which requires new methods of doing business; regulatory framework governing the activities of social enterprises; not a clear distinction between social entrepreneurship and charity, corporate social responsibility. A detailed classification of social enterprises will help identify enterprises that will best fit the essence of the model of social entrepreneurship. Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis for the study of the main directions of classification of social enterprises used in the world, were the works of domestic and foreign scientists on the features of the model of socially-oriented entrepreneurship. The article used general and special methods of scientific knowledge: system analysis and synthesis, deductive and inductive methods, methods of analogies, generalizations and comparisons. Results. The article examines different approaches to the classification of social entrepreneurship, which are based on the following criteria: the degree of integration of the social program and business processes; goals of activity and direction of profit use; mission, the availability of income from core activities and the availability of an innovative component; ways to create social enterprises; specifics of business organization. All social enterprises can be divided into those that provide social services to the population, and those who employ socially vulnerable groups of the population. Also, enterprises are divided into self-financing, partly self-financing and profitable, depending on the level of profitability of business entities and the size of the social effect created. Special attention is paid to the classification of social enterprises, which is used in the Catalog of social enterprises of Ukraine. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the theoretical substantiation and practical solution of the expediency of classification of socially-oriented enterprises in two directions: social and commercial. Discussion. Further research will focus on determining the level of compliance of the enterprise with its socially-oriented mission on the basis of the proposed classification. Keywords: the classification of social enterprises, social-oriented entrepreneurship, social effect.

This paper brings together two bodies of literature around knowledge management (KM) as enterprise integration (EI) and organisational ontology and epistemology as philosophy, in order to develop an extended KM approach to the development of bushfire preparedness material in the Australian context. Knowledge Management (KM) in enterprise integration (EI) practice manifests as process-centric electronic document and records management solutions. Knowledge creation and organisational epistemology is viewed as a social process, but this is often left unrepresented by KM processes. The body of literature on KM tends to focus on organisational functionality and organisational KM that is based on EI ontology tends to be restricted by organisational functionality and process models. We argue that developing the KM-Model using subjectivist epistemology has a significant role in KM and organisational studies for emergency and disaster agencies. As part of the Bushfire Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) ‘Effective Communication and Communities’ project, bushfire communication materials were collected from all Australian States and Territories and analysed using NVivo, representing a knowledge base. Data sources including semi-structured interviews with bushfire agency staff, residents in bushfire-prone localities. Interview data was analysed using thematic analysis, and emergent themes were represented using UML as a platform independent representation of the extended knowledge domain that is capable of representation in a digital space. This work unites organisational ontology, organisational epistemology and EI; the different manifestations of KM. We theorise about how organisational epistemology itself forms as part of the knowledge, where currently there is a lacking of a satisfactory end-to-end framework. The KM lifecycle, therefore, is extended by incorporating the social research processes as part of organisational epistemology to include external audiences through the themes of locality types, place and roles of individuals as volunteers and agency staff. The practical implications are that qualitative methods and toolsets can be included as part of KM to improve the development and deployment of bushfire preparedness material.

Introduction. Educational and methodological interaction between teacher and student during lecture caused many questions in recent years. The essential structural part of this interaction is work with text. Questions arise relative to studentsТ inability to find core information in text, to clarify the concepts, to explain the logics of presentation, to understand syntax of a course-book or lecture text. The research problem is to integrate pedagogical and psycholinguistic approaches and to develop new mechanisms for working with text. The purpose of this article is to develop integrative mechanism s for working with academic texts. Materials and Methods. In the study we drew on analysis and comparison, induction and deduction, psycholinguistic analysis, and generalisation. The methodology of working with text was developed based on structuralism, hermeneutics and the theory of unity. Kazan linguistic school (founded by Prof. I. A. Baudouin de Courtenay) considers a text as a historical and psychological phenomenon: the text materialises a set of methods of cognition. This approach was successfully developed by German psycholinguists. Therefore, the theoretical basis of our research is technique by D. Hake, K. Nestler (Germany) adapted for evaluating the effectiveness of pedagogical communication. Results. The study developed mechanisms for increasing the efficiency of the teaching and methodological interaction between teacher and student based on integration of traditional methods of working with text in university and psycholinguistic procedures of text analysis. Integration of these methods with psycholinguistic procedures of information, logical interrelation, conceptual and syntactic complexity analysis made it possible to improve efficiency of the text work and consequently - educational and methodological interaction. As a result we identified four mechanisms: testing the structural-semantic content, improvement of structural and logical analysis, mastering the procedure of lexical and conceptual analysis, structural-syntactical analysis.

Consulting focused on comprehending organizational problems and breaking the patterns of their managerial solution is in demand in a chaotic, dynamic world. This counseling tool is able to counter the uncertainty of the external environment with a clear understanding of the or ganizational event. The aim of the paper is to investigate philosophical consulting as an intellectual tool for “problem hacking” in Human Management in organization.Theoretical basis of the research: the analytical approach to human resource management, the ideas of the international movement of philosophical practice, the edifying philosophy of R. Rorty, ideas of “problem hacking”. Research methods used in the work: philosophical (conceptual) analysis, decomposition, conceptualization.Results. Philosophical consulting is justifed as an analytical and value-based tool of facilitation of “problem hacking” in Human Management in the organization, the features of philosophical consulting as a management consulting are revealed. With the purpose of hacking problems at the level of foundations — meanings and values — according to each stage of “problem hacking”, the function of facilitation of philosophical consulting is revealed. HRMproblems are classifed into process groups: “cooperation”, “change and development”, “measurement and evaluation”. Typical HR-challenge are identifed — the feld of potential conflicts.The concept of HR-call is formulated and elements of the problem solution construction are developed: philosophical idea of the answer to HR-challenge and relevant managerial methods of realization.Application of value-analytical and design tools of philosophical consulting to “hacking” organizational problems — the company’s response to the challenges of the VUCA world, “defcit of meaning” in Russian companies, the employers’ demand for problem-solving skills in the next fve years. The limitations of the research are identifed.

Purpose: To study the specifics of legal and regulatory framework governing the specialties of Radiology (nuclear medicine) and Radiotherapy in the Russian Federation with regard to defining their nomenclature and further regulation. Material and methods: Radiology, commonly referred to as nuclear medicine, originated in the late 19th century after the discovery of radioactivity. It is now extensively utilized in both diagnostic procedures and therapeutic treatments. However, there is significant confusion surrounding the definition of fundamental terms and concepts related to this branch of medicine, necessitating additional clarifications. The authors analyzed literary sources and legislative bases dedicated to issues of terminological and normative uncertainty in the field of nuclear medicine (radiology) in Russia. Discussed are differences in definitions of key terms such as “nuclear medicine,” “radiopharmaceutical preparation,” “radionuclide therapy,” and “radionuclide diagnostics.” Additionally, the problem of a lack of clear standards and rules in the field of nuclear medicine is raised, leading to difficulties in regulating and financing medical services. Results: Proposed measures for improving the situation include developing unified terminology and standards, introducing the position of chief external radiotherapist, creating professional standards for radiologists and radiotherapists, and involving professional communities in addressing this issue. Conclusion: The conducted research underscores the importance of resolving existing problems in legal and regulatory frameworks and terminological discrepancies in the fields of radiology and nuclear medicine in Russia. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of unifying terminology and definitions, establishing clear professional standards for specialists, and developing guidelines for conducting radionuclide studies. These measures should contribute to enhancing the quality of medical care, increasing the efficiency of professionals’ work, and ensuring proper funding of medical services through the compulsory health insurance system. The article proposes solving the identified problem by developing and approving terminology in the specialties of Radiology and Radiotherapy and making amendments to regulatory documentation.

The overarching vision of social machines is to facilitate social processes by having computers provide administrative support. We conceive of a social machine as a sociotechnical system (STS): a software-supported system in which autonomous principals such as humans and organizations interact to exchange information and services. Existing approaches for social machines emphasize the technical aspects and inadequately support the meanings of social processes, leaving them informally realized in human interactions. We posit that a fundamental rethinking is needed to incorporate accountability, essential for addressing the openness of the Web and the autonomy of its principals. We introduce Interaction-Oriented Software Engineering (IOSE) as a paradigm expressly suited to capturing the social basis of STSs. Motivated by promoting openness and autonomy, IOSE focuses not on implementation but on social protocols, specifying how social relationships, characterizing the accountability of the concerned parties, progress as they interact. Motivated by providing computational support, IOSE adopts the accountability representation to capture the meaning of a social machine's states and transitions. We demonstrate IOSE via examples drawn from healthcare. We reinterpret the classical software engineering (SE) principles for the STS setting and show how IOSE is better suited than traditional software engineering for supporting social processes. The contribution of this paper is a new paradigm for STSs, evaluated via conceptual analysis.

The factors of ethnicity and religion are the foundation of the national identity as seen across the peoples of our planet. Amid the russian war against Ukraine, the factors behind the formation and reinforcement of national identity have gained particular importance. Among those, religion occupies a distinct role; hence, in the modern age of cutting-edge scientific and technological advances of humanity, religion continues to have a colossal impact on virtually every facet of the functioning of society. Therefore, national identity also constitutes a potent driving force behind all social processes: politics, economy, culture, and, ultimately, warfare. That is why the national identity of the Ukrainian people as a whole and every individual Ukrainian is so vital and valuable. Ukraine faces an extraordinary threat emanating from religious organisations with headquarters in the territory of the aggressor state, russia. It is especially true in the case of the moscow patriarchate (MP), functioning in Ukraine under the designation of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (UOC). Meanwhile, the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU) was one of the first to appeal to the international community and world religious leaders to help stop russian armed aggression. The OCU also disseminates truthful information about Ukraine, primarily abroad, through the channels of church diplomacy. Strengthening the identity of the Ukrainian nation and elimination of the imperial religious and ideological influence of the MP and russian eurasianism should be one of the priorities of the state security policy of Ukraine. Keywords: Ukraine, russian aggression, OCU, tomos, UOC.