Abstract
Optical brain imaging (OBI) has the potential for a bright future thanks to its low cost and portability relative to other biomedical imaging modalities. Temporal and spatial resolutions are considered to be the discriminatory features for selection of biomedical imaging equipment. OBI systems, however, still face the bottleneck of limited spatial resolution. In this study, existing methodologies and designs for enhancement of spatial resolution of OBI are comprehensively summarized. This is the first study reviewing all such techniques, therefore, is beneficial for researchers working in this field. The study presents general overview of principle of OBI followed by pros and cons specifically the challenges in enhancement of spatial resolution. Later, different novel existing methodologies, algorithms design and configurations, phantom related studies presenting spatial resolution enhancement have been discussed. Finally, conclusion and future directions are presented with an idea to enhance the spatial resolution of OBI up to nanoscale.
Highlights
Imaging has attained an enormous attention in different fields of science, since Galileo’s era [1]
The results suggest that it is an effective reconstruction approach to improve the spatial resolution with acceptable noise variance
FOR FUTURE RESEARCH This paper is novel in the sense that it addresses first time, different issues related to spatial resolution of Optical brain imaging (OBI) and its existing proposed solutions and their limitations and shortcomings
Summary
Imaging has attained an enormous attention in different fields of science, since Galileo’s era [1]. Clinical OBI is usually non-invasive and utilizes near infrared (NIR) light to attain enhanced penetration (but limited in comparison with PET and fMRI) through the scalp, skull and brain [100], [101]. The enhancement of methodological spatial resolution and development in data acquisition of imaging technology shall enable us the monitoring of hidden facts related to functionality and dynamics of brain in real time [107]. The depth sensitivity of fNIRS is limited, which typically reaches up to 1-2 cm in adults brain, inside the inner walls of the skull for estimation of brain activity [66] It can be enhanced with time-domain techniques where depth efficiency increases with deferred detection of propagating light pulse [109]. To evaluate chronic recordings contribution in the advancement of brain machine interface
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