Methodological toolkit of forensic expert activities

Abstract

Introduction. Effective and efficient expert provision of justice plays an important role in the process of pre-trial and judicial investigation of offenses. However, it is impossible without improving its methodological foundations, which is carried out due to the institutional modernization of the system of expert knowledge and the introduction of methodological tools into expert practice: innovative methods and tools, methods of conducting expert research. The purpose of the paper is to investigate and define the methodological toolkit of forensic expert activity. Results. It is noted that ensuring the effectiveness of expert provision of justice necessitates the search for relevant methodological approaches that combine dialectically related methods. Methodological approaches (systemic, praxeological, chronological, informational) are briefly characterized and the importance of using each of them in the process of expert research is proven. It is noted that the systematic approach in forensic examination is a universal tool of cognitive activity, irreplaceable in the study of complex dynamic entities. The praxeological approach to forensic expertise allows you to use theoretically established regularities to build algorithms for solving specific tasks in typical expert situations. The chronological (historical) approach makes it possible to study the development of processes and events in chronological order. The informational approach in forensic examination is the basis for the development of numerous effective methods and techniques that make it possible to obtain reliable results during the study of various objects. It was established that the application of the information approach in forensic examination consists in the fact that when examining any object, process or phenomenon, first of all, the most characteristic informational aspects for it are revealed. The methods used in solving the tasks of certain types of forensic examinations are defined. Conclusion. In order to conduct a comprehensive, complete and objective expert investigation, it is important to use an effective methodological toolkit with the use of various research methods that complement each other and are necessary for the forensic expert to provide a reliable answer to the questions put to him and to ensure the comprehensiveness and reliability of the conclusions.