Abstract
Dump in the steep area of the open-pit mine is essential for safe production. The bedrock with the bumpy-surface blasting method effectively improves the stabilization of the dumpsite. The effect of the ratio and dispersion degree on the deformation and failure of the dumping bench at the largely inclined area was analyzed. Based on the limit equilibrium method, the equation about the stability factor and the blasted region ratio was deduced. Virtual experiments were performed to address how the ratio and dispersion degree affect deformation and failure. The results showed that the stability factor is a quadratic function of the ratio of the blasted area. The increase in the ratio results in a drastic reduction of displacement, and the direction of displacement significantly changes. The rise in the dispersion degree effectively reduces the displacement and shear strain increment, and the failure mode changes. There is a specific value for the ratio and dispersion degree, making the displacement and shear strain increment little. The research on bumpy surface blasting in this paper provides the theoretical foundation for the dump construction at the site with the large dip angle.
Highlights
2.1. e Method of Dumping. e sliding force of dump constructed at the inclined area is larger than that of the horizontals or near-horizontals, and the resistant force decreases. erefore, the dump stability can be improved by increasing the friction between bedrock and dump through changing the bedrock shape or retaining coal pillars and confining the end slope
Due to the large inclination angle, the dumpsite development method is dumping with a step in a region, as shown in Figure 1. e literature [18] proposed a method to improve the dump stability, namely, bumpy surface blasting. e principle is that the sliding surface is changed into an uneven shape to increase the frictional force of the sliding surface through blasting. e method is characterized by the economy, safety, and little influence on production
In the large dip area, in order to ensure sufficient and reliable space of inner dump and assure the feasibility of pitted blasting, when the coal steps are broken at the deepest part of the stope, the blasting hole should be more in-depth than the generals, and the rock of base near the borehole was slightly and only broken
Summary
Where P (tan β − tan α)c cos β, k ∈ [0, 1], k is a proportion of the blasted area, j is the amount of group, j 1, 2, 3, . . ., 2m, means dispersion degree, and xj is the location of the boundary of the blasted group. Where P (tan β − tan α)c cos β, k ∈ [0, 1], k is a proportion of the blasted area, j is the amount of group, j 1, 2, 3, . . ., 2m, means dispersion degree, and xj is the location of the boundary of the blasted group. By adding equations (7) and (8), the resistant force of a group can be calculated: R1j
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