Abstract
Extranasal cancers that metastasize to the sinonasal cavity are very rare. To date, there are only limited reports regarding this rare condition within the literature. Therefore, we retrospectively reviewed all patients diagnosed with metastatic cancer of the sinonasal tract from 2003 to 2018 at a tertiary academic medical center. Patient demographic data, clinical presentation, treatment modalities, and outcomes were investigated. There were a total of 17 patients (9 males and 8 females) included in the analysis. The mean age was 56.8 years (range 27–80). The most common primary malignancies were hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 3) and gastrointestinal tract adenocarcinoma (n = 3). The most common site of metastasis was the nasal cavity (n = 8). Five patients received radical tumor resection and the others underwent radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or combined chemoradiotherapy. The 2-year survival was 28%. In summary, metastasis to the sinonasal cavity remains extremely rare. A high degree of suspicion regarding the possibility of metastatic spread to the sinonasal region is necessary for patients with a previous history of malignancy who present with new sinonasal symptoms. The treatment strategy of sinonasal metastatic cancer is usually palliative therapy and the prognosis remains poor. However, early detection and diagnosis, coupled with aggressive treatment, may improve patient quality of life.
Highlights
Sinonasal malignancies are extremely rare and generally present as primary malignancies
We present tumor clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment modalities, and prognosis of 17 patients diagnosed with sinonasal metastases
Time from treatment to the development of metastases ranged from 2 months to 18 years and 7 months
Summary
Sinonasal malignancies are extremely rare and generally present as primary malignancies. They account for approximately 3% of upper respiratory tract malignancies [1,2,3,4]. The most common origins of metastatic sinonasal malignancy are the kidneys, lungs, urogenital ridge, breasts, gastrointestinal tract, and thyroid [5,9]. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common metastatic cancer of the sinonasal tract, accounting for almost half of all cases. Other common metastatic cancers are bronchogenic carcinoma and urogenital ridge malignancies, such as prostate cancer and female urogenital cancer [10,11]
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