Metagenomic analysis of bacterial communities in heavy metal leachate-contaminated soils at Jalan Lipis Sanitary Landfill, Pahang, Malaysia

Abstract

A variety of bacterial communities can be found in heavy metal leachate-contaminated soil. These bacteria might have molecular defenses that allow them to endure a high heavy metal concentration. However, there aren't enough datasets on bacterial populations to be exploited for bioremediation, especially the biotreatment of leachate contaminated with heavy metals. This research examined the diversity of the bacterial population in heavy metal leachate-contaminated soil from the Jalan Lipis Sanitary Landfill in Pahang, Malaysia. The soil samples were taken from three (3) different locations. pH analysis showed that the heavy metal leachate-contaminated soil possesses alkaline pH. ICPMS analysis showed high concentration of nickel (112.96 mg/kg) followed by manganase (89.83 mg/kg), arsenic (43.84 mg/kg), and lead (3.62 mg/kg). The three most prevalent bacteria in the heavy metal leachate-contaminated soil from the site were Pseudomonas C (Proteobacteria), Flavobacterium (Bacteroidota), and Proteiniclasticum (Firmicutes), according to metagenomic sequencing of the 16 s rRNA gene. The alpha and beta bacterial diversity analysis indicate that each location with different heavy metal concentration differs significantly on its bacterial diversity providing a valuable information to be applied in heavy metal bioremediation exclusively from landfill leachate.