Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a common and multifactorial disease that has the highest morbidity and mortality in the world. Although a number of physiological, pathological, and functional parameters have been investigated, only scarce information regarding the changes of small metabolites in the plasma has been reported, and this lack of information may cause poor MI diagnosis and treatment. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the metabolic profiles of plasma samples from MI patients to identify potential disease biomarkers and to study the pathology of MI. Metabolic profiles of the plasma of 30 MI patients and 30 controls were obtained using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The resulting data were processed using pattern recognition approaches, including principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis, to identify the metabolites that differed between the groups. Significant differences in the plasma levels of the following 10 metabolites were observed in the MI patients compared with the controls: phosphatidylserine, C16-sphingosine, N-methyl arachidonic amide, N-(2-methoxyethyl) arachidonic amide, linoleamidoglycerophosphate choline, lyso-PC (C18:2), lyso-PC (C16:0), lyso-PC (C18:1), arachidonic acid, and linoleic acid. The changes in these 10 biomarkers indicated perturbations of energy metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism in the MI patients. These findings hold promise to advance the treatment, diagnosis, and prevention of MI.
Highlights
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared that cardiovascular disease is a modern epidemic, and it is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality all over the world
The biochemistry data revealed that the levels of the indicators total cholesterol (TC) and TG were higher in the Myocardial infarction (MI) patients than in the controls, and no significant differences were observed in the creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), or CRE levels
Among the determined 10 metabolites, phosphatidylserine, C16-sphingosine, Lyso-PC (C18:2), LysoPC (C16:0), Lyso-PC (C18:1), arachidonic acid (AA), and linoleic acid have been reported to be the biomarkers for cardiovascular disease (Liu Y.T. et al, 2013; Jiang et al, 2014; Park et al, 2015), and we determined N-methyl arachidonic amide, N-(2-methoxyethyl) arachidonic amide, and linoleamidoglycerophosphate choline to be the new biomarkers for MI
Summary
The WHO has declared that cardiovascular disease is a modern epidemic, and it is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality all over the world. The mortality rate is decreasing due to recent improvements in medical technology, the prevalence is steadily increasing (The World Health Report, 1997; Law et al, 2002). Metabolomics Study of MI Patients occurring cardiovascular conditions in both developed and developing countries and can be a major catastrophic event that leads to sudden death or hemodynamic deterioration (Murray and Lopez, 1997). The risk factors for MI are caused by interactions between environmental and genetic factors that include hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, and smoking (Teslovich et al, 2010). Research regarding the physiological, pathological, and functional parameters and the treatment and prognosis of MI has been conducted over the last decade, little information about changes in the small metabolites in the plasma has been reported, and this lack of information may be detrimental to the diagnosis and treatment of MI (Li et al, 2012)
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