Abstract
Introduction. COVID-19 has become a global impediment by bringing everything to a halt starting from January 2020. India underwent the lockdown starting from 22nd March 2020 with the sudden spike in the number of COVID-19 patients in major cities and states. This study focused on how metabolites play a crucial role in SARSCoV-2 prognosis.Materials and methods. Metabolome profiling of 106 plasma samples and 24 swab samples from symptomatic patients in the Indian population of the Mumbai region was done. COVID-19 positive samples were further segregated under the non-severe COVID-19 and severe COVID-19 patient cohort for both plasma and swab.Results. After analyzing the raw files, total 7,949 and 12,871 metabolites in plasma and swab were found. 11 and 35 significantly altered metabolites were found in COVID-19 positive compared to COVID-19 negative plasma and swab samples, respectively. Also, 9 and 23 significantly altered metabolites were found in severe COVID-19 positive to non-severe COVID-19 positive plasma and swab samples, respectively. The majorly affected pathways in COVID-19 patients were found to be the amino acid metabolism pathway, sphingosine metabolism pathway, and bile salt metabolism pathway.Conclusion. This study facilitates identification of potential metabolite-based biomarker candidates for rapid diagnosis and prognosis for clinical applications.
Highlights
COVID-19 has become a global impediment by bringing everything to a halt starting from January 2020
We found threo-sphingosine, phytosphingosine, myristamide, herniarin, butoctamide and 3-hydroxy-3-methylpentanedioic acid altered in swab samples of severe COVID-19 as compared to non-severe COVID-19 sample cohorts
The quality check (QC) control and internal standard for all the plasma samples are shown in Figs. 2, 3
Summary
COVID-19 has become a global impediment by bringing everything to a halt starting from January 2020. 9 and 23 significantly altered metabolites were found in severe COVID-19 positive to non-severe COVID-19 positive plasma and swab samples, respectively. The SARS-CoV-2 virus in COVID-19 imitates febrile and respiratory diseases in humans such as influenza in various ways, including clinical symptoms, host immune response to viral infection, and virus transmission in the host body [1]. Clinical symptoms in these two respiratory diseases are quite similar which include mainly fever, chills, headache, muscle pain, tiredness, sore throat, stuffy nose, difficulty in breathing, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) etc. The diagnostic tests available for influenza are more robust, including rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs), RT-PCR molecular assays, and antibody-based immunofluorescent assays, whereas rapid diagnostic tests with high specificity and sensitivity in COVID-19 are awaited [1, 7]
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