Abstract
Sea buckthorn berries (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) (SB) are considered as a fruit with a high nutritional value with a plethora of bioactive ingredients. The present work focusses on the analysis of the whole NMR metabolic profile of SB berries grown in an organic orchard of Meteora/Greece. In parallel, this study validates/highlights qualitative characteristics of the osmotic processed berries according to the fresh fruit. The composition in bioactive metabolites of SB berries was elucidated through sophisticated high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. The lipophilic profile maintains the vitamins, flavonoid glycosides, phenolic esters and the essential lipid components of SB, while the polar profile reveals a variety of flavonoids, saccharides, organic acids, amino acids and esterified glycosides. This approach towards identification of SB bioactive ingredients may serve as basis for simultaneous profiling and quality assessment and may be applied to monitor fresh food quality regarding other food preservation methods.
Highlights
Sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.; Elaegnaceae) is a shrubby plant naturally distributed over Asia and Europe [1,2] producing tasty orange fruits that have been widely used in traditional medicine since ancient times [3]
Most of the detected metabolites in a total methanolic fragment belong to flavonoids, saccharides, glycoside flavonoids, organic and amino acids
The sea buckthorn (SB) plant has attracted international attention due to its abundance of bioactive ingredients and it is the target of research in the fields of biotechnology, nutrition, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, environment, and many other disciplines [2,4,12,18]
Summary
Sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.; Elaegnaceae) is a shrubby plant naturally distributed over Asia and Europe [1,2] producing tasty orange fruits that have been widely used in traditional medicine since ancient times [3]. Various parts of the plant, and especially its fruits, are sources of many bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antiinflammatory, analgesic, anti-cancer, antibacterial and antiviral activities [4,5,6,7]. Berries of sea buckthorn (SB) are a high nutritional value fruit with a plethora of bioactive ingredients and the exceptional value of them is attributed to the presence of both lipophilic antioxidants (mainly carotenoids and tocopherols) and hydrophilic antioxidants (flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, ascorbic acid) in significant high quantities [7,8,9,10]. The beneficial effect of SB has been recognized in the food industry [12] as well as in the medicine [4,5,6,8,16,17] and cosmetic industry [18]
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