Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from sunlight can damage human skin. The formation of free radicals in skin tissue, sunburn, erythema, and skin tanning are effects that often occur due to exposure to high intensity. Sunscreen cosmetics are commonly used to protect human skin, some use seaweed extract in their formulations. This study was conducted to search for metabolites from Sargassum sp. which have activity as antioxidants and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) photoprotective. Graded maceration with hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol solvents was done to extract all metabolites according to their polarity. The content of pigments (chlorophyll & carotenoids), total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity, and UVR photoprotective are determined by spectrophotometry. Antioxidant activity was analyzed based on the value of inhibition percentage (IC50) against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and UVR photoprotective was based on the value of sun protection factor (SPF), a percentage of erythema transmission (%Te), and pigmentation transmission (% Tp). The results of the research showed that of the three, hexane extract (H), ethyl acetate extract (Ea), and ethanol extract (Et) all contain carotenoids, but one of them, namely H, did not contain chlorophyll. The largest TPC was found in Et i.e. 15.79 mg of GAE/g. The highest antioxidant activity was achieved by H, followed by Ea with a slight difference in IC50, respectively at 198.61 and 204.12 μg/mL. The highest UVR photoprotective activity was achieved by Ea with an SPF value of 13,480, %Te 4,037, and %Tp 24,316 (at 200 μg/mL). Ethyl acetate extract from Sargassum sp. has been tested as the best antioxidant and UVR photoprotective agent and can be used in sunscreen cosmetic formulations. Radiasi ultraviolet (UVR) yang bersumber dari cahaya matahari dapat memicu kerusakan kulit manusia. Terbentuknya radikal bebas dalam jaringan kulit, kulit terbakar, kulit memerah, maupun penggelapan kulit merupakan efek yang sering terjadi akibat paparan UVR dalam intensitas tinggi. Kosmetik tabir surya biasa digunakan untuk melindungi kulit manusia dan beberapa di antaranya menggunakan ekstrak rumput laut dalam formulasinya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mencari metabolit dari Sargassum sp. yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antioksidan dan fotoprotektif UVR. Maserasi bertingkat dengan pelarut heksana, etil asetat, dan etanol dilakukan untuk mengekstrak semua metabolit sesuai dengan polaritasnya. Kandungan pigmen (klorofil & karotenoid), fenolik total, aktivitas antioksidan, maupun fotoprotektif UVR ditentukan dengan metode spektrofotometri. Aktivitas antioksidan dianalisis berdasarkan nilai persentase inhibisisi (IC50) terhadap 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), sedangkan fotoprotektif UVR berdasarkan nilai sun protection factor (SPF), persentase transmisi eritema (%Te), dan transmisi pigmentasi (% Tp). Hasil peneltian menunjukkan bahwa dari ketiganya, ekstrak heksana (H), ekstrak etil asetat (Ea), dan ekstrak etanol (Et) semuanya mengandung karotenoid, tetapi salah satunya, yaitu H tidak mengandung klorofil. Kandungan fenolik total paling besar terdapat pada Et, yaitu sebesar 15,79 mg GAE/g. Aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi dicapai oleh H, diikuti oleh Ea dengan sedikit perbedaan nilai IC50, secara berurutan yaitu sebesar 198,61 dan 204,12 µg/mL. Aktivitas fotoprotektif UVR paling tinggi dicapai oleh Ea, yaitu dengan nilai SPF sebesar 13,480, %Te 4,037, dan %Tp 24,316 (pada konsentrasi 200 µg/mL). Ekstrak etil asetat dari Sargassum sp. teruji sebagai agen antioksidan dan fotoprotektif UVR terbaik dan bisa dimanfaatkan dalam formulasi kosmetik tabir surya.
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