Abstract
Objective to analyze the metabolic syndrome concept and to identify its essential features, antecedents, and outcomes within the context of nursing.Method conceptual analysis, based on the methodological steps of a model. We carried out an integrative review by accessing four databases online: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, and Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud.Results the essential features most frequently involved the diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome. Inadequate nutrition and physical inactivity were highlighted as the most common antecedents of the syndrome, and the outcomes were occurrences of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus type 2. As implication, we highlight relevant empirical data to the broad definition of the concept.Conclusion we could analyze the concept under study regarding essential features, antecedents, and outcomes, operationally defining it as a potential nursing phenomenon, which demands health care focusing on reducing risks and morbidity and mortality for cardiovascular diseases.
Highlights
The metabolic syndrome has drawn the attention of the scientific and professional community, due to the impact of each of their respective components, but mainly due to the high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors(1)
The analysis provided structuring the broader and more comprehensive operational definition of the metabolic syndrome phenomenon, which is characterized by the aggregation of significant cardiovascular risk markers of multifactorial etiology, related to asymptomatic inflammation that predisposes the individual to vulnerability
Regarding biological factors, categorized in our study as “nonmodifiable,” we found prevalence of the phenomenon from varying diagnostic criteria, in different ethnicities, races, ages, and both sexes, in particular the high prevalence among children(36), adolescents(23,33), and young adults and older adults(32), and these groups of individuals are constantly attended by the nursing staff in programs of the Primary Health Care
Summary
The metabolic syndrome has drawn the attention of the scientific and professional community, due to the impact of each of their respective components, but mainly due to the high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors(1). In Brazil, the prevalence ranges around 9% in the adult and older-adult population, associated with the following variables: sociodemographic (age, education, marital status, and housing), behavioral (self-perception of health), and comorbidities (cerebrovascular accident, overweight, depression), in different ways between the sexes(3) This health condition has been widely studied by researchers, with varying criteria and existing definitions for diagnosis, particularities, and prevalence in population and age groups, aiming to discuss the accuracy of its assumptions(4-5) and possible parameters that may be related such as neck circumference(6) and presence of Acanthosis nigricans(7). Other concepts used to characterize it are mentioned such as insulin resistance syndrome, new world syndrome, plurimetabolic syndrome, deadly quartet syndrome, and dyslipidemia syndrome(9)
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