Abstract
Bone changes occur with normal ageing. Structural changes play a significant role in the age-related alterations of bone strength and quality. In ageing osteoclastic activity is greater than osteoblastic activity and results in net bone loss. With ageing there is decrease in bone mass and strength, and there is potential interrelationship between muscle quality and skeletal health. Osteoporosis is characterised by low bone mass and architectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to enhanced fragility and increase in fracture risk. Osteomalacia is a bone disorder characterised by failure in mineralisation of a newly formed organic matrix. In Paget’s disease there is increased resorption of the bone followed by intense osteoblastic response to repair resulting in disordered bone formation. Associated disorders such as fractures of the hip and vertebral and sacral insufficiency fractures are included in the chapter.
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