Abstract
BackgroundThe inflammatory potential of diet has been shown to have an association with the risk of several cancer types, but the evidence is inconsistent regarding the related risk of urologic cancer (UC). Therefore, we conducted the present meta-analysis to investigate the association between the inflammatory potential of diet and UC.MethodsPubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched up to July 31, 2018. Two reviewers independently selected the studies and extracted the data. The pooled risk ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using the Stata12.0 software package.ResultsNine case-control studies and three cohort studies including 83,197 subjects met the inclusion criteria. The overall meta-analysis results showed that individuals with the highest category of DII (dietary inflammatory index) were associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer (RR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.30–2.02); subgroup analysis showed consistent results. For kidney and bladder cancer, significant positive associations were found in individuals with the highest category of DII score; however, no significant association was found between DII and the risk of urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC).ConclusionAvailable data suggest that more pro-inflammatory diets are associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer, kidney cancer and bladder cancer. However, further well designed large-scaled cohort studies are warranted to provide more conclusive evidence.
Highlights
Prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and kidney cancer, the most common urologic tumors, are leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide [1, 2]
The overall meta-analysis results showed that individuals with the highest category of DII were associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer (RR = 1.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30–2.02); subgroup analysis showed consistent results
For kidney and bladder cancer, significant positive associations were found in individuals with the highest category of DII score; no significant association was found between DII and the risk of urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC)
Summary
Bladder cancer, and kidney cancer, the most common urologic tumors, are leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide [1, 2]. Considerable evidence indicates that chronic inflammation plays a key role in carcinogenesis; several studies have supported the involvement of upregulated pro-inflammatory molecules in tumor progression [5,6,7]. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, healthy oils, and fish may have been associated with lower levels of inflammation and with decreased cancer risk [9, 10]. High intakes of PUFA, mainly n-6 fatty acids, are associated with higher levels of inflammation and an increased risk of cancer [11, 12]. The inflammatory potential of diet has been shown to have an association with the risk of several cancer types, but the evidence is inconsistent regarding the related risk of urologic cancer (UC).
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