Abstract
Several studies have shown that mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) exert their neuroprotective and neurorestorative efficacy via the secretion of neurotrophic factors. Based on these studies, many clinical trials using MSCs for the treatment of neurological disorders have been conducted, and results regarding their feasibility and efficacy have been reported. The present review aims to highlight the characteristics and basic research regarding the role of MSCs in neurological disease and to discuss the recent progress in clinical trials using MSCs to treat various neurological disorders.
Highlights
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been the focus of new cell therapy development due to their potential to treat neurological disorders [1]
Many existing therapies are insufficient in some cases for neurological disorders
Recent clinical trials indicate that the use of MSCs as a new cell therapy is expected to be effective in combination with conventional rehabilitation and other medication
Summary
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been the focus of new cell therapy development due to their potential to treat neurological disorders [1]. MSC-mediated immunomodulation results from the MSC secretome, which includes components such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), PGE2, galectin-1, and HLA-G5 [13] With these anti-inflammatory properties, MSCs could be useful therapeutic candidates for use in the treatment of neurological disorders accompanying inflammation. The neurorestorative and neuroprotective effects of MCSs regarding tissue repair can be divided into two main mechanisms: (1) neurogenic differentiation and eternal cell replacement and (2) the secretion of neurotrophic factors [14]. Regarding the former, we have observed in our experiments that MSCs do not engraft and differentiate into neural cells, and they disappear within two weeks of administration in non-immunocompromised. There are some notable basic research studies reporting theof efficacy of MSCs by intranasal [19] and either
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