Abstract
The recent roadmap of SPIRE initiative includes the development of “new separation, extraction and pre-treatment technologies” as one of the “key actions” for boosting sustainability, enhancing the availability and quality of existing resources. Membrane condenser is an innovative technology that was recently investigated for the recovery of water vapor for waste gaseous streams, such as flue gas, biogas, cooling tower plumes, etc. Recently, it has been also proposed as pre-treatment unit for the reduction and control of contaminants in waste gaseous streams (SOx and NOx, VOCs, H2S, NH3, siloxanes, halides, particulates, organic pollutants).This perspective article reports recent progresses in the applications of the membrane condenser in the treatment of various gaseous streams for water recovery and contaminant control. After an overview of the operating principle, the membranes used, and the main results achieved, the work also proposes the role of this technology as pre-treatment stage to other separation technologies. The potentialities of the technology are also discussed aspiring to pave the way towards the development of an innovative technology where membrane condenser can cover a key role in redesigning the whole upgrading process.
Highlights
Water is used in the industry for many purposes including processing, washing, diluting, heating, cooling, etc
By modulating the contact time between saturated stream and membrane condenser, it is possible to control the fraction of contaminants, which can be retained in condensed water
The emission in the atmosphere of these biocidal substances, such as chlorine and certain types of quaternary ammonium compounds, significantly affects the air quality in the areas near the plant; membrane condenser can be considered as an efficient pre-treatment unit able to both separate water vapor contained in waste gaseous streams, retaining some of the most effective contaminants
Summary
Water is used in the industry for many purposes including processing, washing, diluting, heating, cooling, etc. In the case of flue gas treatment, for example, the condensed water will contain contaminants, such as SOx and eventually particulate, depending of their amount, it can be directly reused in the plant as make up or further treated by other purification technologies – not necessary based on membranes- obtaining high quality water (Fig. 2). The emission in the atmosphere of these biocidal substances, such as chlorine and certain types of quaternary ammonium compounds, significantly affects the air quality in the areas near the plant; membrane condenser can be considered as an efficient pre-treatment unit able to both separate water vapor contained in waste gaseous streams, retaining some of the most effective contaminants. Long-term stability of the membrane which is important from an economic point of view for increasing the membrane life-time and for reducing membrane maintenance and operating costs
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