Abstract

In this study we explored the pesticide properties of several essential oils (EOs) yielded from aromatic plants of the Mediterranean Basin. For this purpose, the insecticidal effect of the EOs from Citrus limon (Sapindales: Rutaceae), Juniperus phoenicea (Pinales: Cupressaceae), Laurus nobilis (Laurales: Lauraceae), Echinophora tenuifollia ssp. sibthropiana (Apiales: Apiaceae), Origanum majorana and O. vulgare ssp. hirtum (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) was evaluated in laboratory bioassays on two target insect pests, the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and the khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). The EOs were formulated to micro emulsions, with food grade emulsifier and were applied as wheat coating. Subsequently, the treated grain was infested by larvae of T. castaneum or adults of T. granarium. Mortality data obtained from the dose-response trials were subjected to probit analysis and LD50 values were estimated. The LD50 values for T. castaneum larvae were 416.1, 424.1, 454.5, 490.5, 539.4 and 649.4 ppm for the C. limon, E. tenuifollia ssp. sibthropiana, O. majorana, O. vulgare ssp. hirtum, L. nobilis and J. phoenicea EOs, respectively. Regarding T. granarium adults, the LD50 values were 440.6, 501.3, 506.9, 530.7, 619.1, and 745.3 ppm for the O. majorana J. phoenicea, L. nobilis, O. vulgare ssp. hirtum, E. tenuifollia ssp. sibthropiana and C. limon EOs, respectively. The generated results could be useful for the management of the target stored-product insect pests by using reduced-risk plant protection products.

Highlights

  • The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Citrus limon, Echinophora tenuifollia ssp. sibthropiana, Juniperus phoenicea, Laurus nobilis, Origanum majorana and Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum, commonly found in Mediterranean, as grain protectants, against two key stored-product insect pests, i.e. the khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium

  • Our study clearly shows the effectiveness of the essential oils (EOs) of six Mediterranean wild herbs against two notorious storedproduct insect species

  • The EOs obtained from Mentha longifolia, Dysphania ambrosioides, Carlina acaulis and Pimpinella anisum were efficient against the larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) and T. granarium [6]

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Summary

Introduction

Numerous agricultural products are damaged by pests and diseases during their development and maturation in the field [1−3] These products are stored in facilities, where gradual manipulations are taking place, such as processing, industrialization, packaging and transportation [4]. A review of the literature showed that little is known on the application of EOs as grain protectants [6−8]. In this context, it is challenging to investigate the insecticidal properties as grain protectants of EOs derived from wild herbs of the Mediterranean Basin. Sibthropiana, Juniperus phoenicea, Laurus nobilis, Origanum majorana and Origanum vulgare ssp. Hirtum, commonly found in Mediterranean, as grain protectants, against two key stored-product insect pests, i.e. the khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Citrus limon, Echinophora tenuifollia ssp. sibthropiana, Juniperus phoenicea, Laurus nobilis, Origanum majorana and Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum, commonly found in Mediterranean, as grain protectants, against two key stored-product insect pests, i.e. the khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium

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