Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic required a great mobilization of the world's health systems, mainly due to the high rate of transmissibility of the disease and the state of uncertainty of the global one. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the structure of the Brazil, Italy, and the United States of America (USA), the measures taken to fight the pandemic, and the results obtained between the period of December/2019 and August/2020 in each country. This is a qualitative study, which used an Evaluation Matrix, with the information organized into Structure, Process, and Result, according to Donabedian's triad. Country characteristics such as the Human Development Index (HDI); demographic density; models of health and social protection systems; OxCGRT algorithm; and disease-related indicators; among others were compared. It was noted that the health systems of the study countries needed to be applied and reorganized to deal with the pandemic. The HDI of the countries did not demonstrate any relationship with the spread of the disease, but they may interfere in the way in which the countries organized themselves to face the problem. Countries that adopted more severe and nationally coordinated measures had better results in combating COVID-19, achieving control over the number of cases in a shorter time span. Screening tests, when present, proved to be cornerstones in governments' decisions in the face of the pandemic. The results found in this study can provide support for other comparisons, using the same methodology, which clarifies the different realities and elucidates which governmental measures were more effective in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Highlights
A doença do Coronavírus, causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, foi intitulada como COVID-19 pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) em 2020, sendo em março do mesmo ano definida como estado de pandemia, devido a disseminação da doença para cerca de 114 países com 118.000 casos registrados (90% ainda em 4 países) e 4.291 mortes
Embora o surto do novo Coronavírus tenha testadas e aprovadas pelas autoridades de saúde sido inicialmente considerado uma ocorrência no Brasil e em muitos outros países ao redor do isolada para o resto do mundo, rapidamente mundo
Entretanto, foi observada a falta de sugerir medidas mais assertivas em quadros padronização na conduta global, tendo países similares que podem surgir futuramente
Summary
População: 211.05 milhões de habitantes (2019)8 Densidade demográfica: 25 hab/km[2] (2017)8 IDH: 0.76 (2017)[8]. Sistema predominante privado (70% da população assegurada), sendo complementado pelos sistemas públicos (26% da população da população assegurada)[11]. Modelo de Seguros Privados[11]. População total: 329.06 milhões de habitantes (2019)8 Densidade demográfica: 36 hab/km[2] (2017)8 IDH: 0.92 (2017)[8]. Índice OxCGRT alcançou níveis de severidade ≅70 (69.91%) a partir do dia 23 de fevereiro de 2020: acúmulo de 79 casos de COVID-19 confirmados. Índice OxCGRT alcançou níveis de severidade >70 a partir do dia 21 de março de 2020: acúmulo de 19.624 casos de COVID-19 confirmados.
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