Medición del potencial turístico basado en la producción de artesanías de ónix en Tecali de Herrera, México

In the face of increasing competition in the global tourism market, place branding is becoming a key tool for enhancing the tourist appeal of countries and regions. The purpose of this study is to analyze the tourism and recreational potential of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of developing an attractive tourism brand, as well as to develop a system of quantitative and qualitative indicators for its assessment. The methodological basis of the study was dialectical and logical methods of scientific inquiry, including analysis, synthesis, induction, and deduction, which allowed for a comprehensive examination of the country's tourism potential and a summary of existing approaches to tourism marketing. The article substantiates that Kazakhstan's tourism brand is formed by considering national characteristics, such as traditional cuisine, cultural codes, ritual practices, legends, and historical heritage. The country's tourism potential was analyzed in terms of selecting priority destinations and territories most promising for branding. The study notes an increase in international and domestic tourism, as well as the importance of Kazakhstan's geographic location, natural diversity, and rich history for the development of cultural, educational, ethnographic, ecological, health, adventure, and sports tourism. The study proposes a system of indicators that allows regions to develop competitive tourism products and sustainable tourism brands.

This research investigated the use of language in the texts of the promotional brochures created for the tourist industry. The selected printed materials for the study were used in advertising the five countries most severely affected by the Asian Tsunami in 2004 (Thailand, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, and the Maldives). The focus of the analysis was on the two sets of brochures of the five selected countries published by the UK’s leading travel agencies – Thomas Cook, Thomson and Kuoni before and after the disaster. The contrastive discourse analysis was applied in order to investigate the similarities and differences of linguistic features within the texts both between the two sets for each country as well as between the five selected countries. The overall results of the text analysis from the five selected countries have shown significant changes in language use. The investigation revealed that in the post-disaster set of brochures the number of destinations was broadened and their descriptions were made more vivid. The post-disaster texts represented more efforts in developing a wider range of tourism attractions and activities in order to expand the markets and increase the number as well as type of potential future tourists. The information derived from the questionnaire has revealed the potential tourists’ sensitivity to language used in promotional brochures. The results demonstrated that most respondents were aware of the change of language used before and after the Tsunami. The findings validated the hypothesis that the role of language within tourism advertising is as significant as the role of images. This has a major impact on individuals’ choosing their next holiday destination since many potential tourists still base their holiday decision-making on holiday brochures. The research has found that the role of language plays a significant role in tourism advertising representations and also has a major part as one of the marketing tools in tourism promotional strategy.

Tourism is a big revenue–generating industry in Kenya, hence interest in its stability and status. But this industry is very sensitive to a number of factors that affect its performance. To help bridge realized and potential tourism of protected areas as tourist destinations, this study compared the influence of these factors and how they affected tourism achievement. Six factors (biodiversity attributes, physical landscape attributes, cultural attractions, marketing campaigns, facility endowments, and health/security risks) were considered. Scores were assigned for each factor for each protected area and mean scores determined. The mean score of factors for each protected area was considered an index of its tourism potential. This tourism potential index was used to assess whether each protected area had significant tourism potential, had achieved it, or exceeded it (tourism achievement). Only 12 (22.6%) of the protected areas had achieved and/or exceeded their tourism potential, and only 22 out of 53 protected areas (41.51%) had any meaningful potential for tourism. Generally, tourism potential scores were higher than those based on tourist numbers alone (Wilcoxon signed rank test, T = 3.00, p = 0.003), implying that tourist visits alone were not sufficient in evaluating the tourism potential of protected areas. Protected areas that had a high tourism achievement index were: Aberdares, Lake Nakuru, Buffalo Springs, Tsavo West, Nairobi, Tsavo East, Maasai Mara, Lake Bogoria, and Amboseli, respectively. Generally, biodiversity and facility endowment influenced tourist performance, and specifically the marketing campaigns, communication facilities, accessibility, and the diversity of large mammal species. These findings confirm that Kenyan tourism is mainly wildlife based and strongly influenced by facilities and infrastructure. A national tourism–based conservation strategy should be targeting protected areas that have tourism potential but have failed by improving facilities and infrastructure, rather than the current ad hoc approach.

The research aimed to discuss the strategic movement to increase tourism potential by female tour guides for maintaining the sustainability of cultural art tourism programs due to the decreasing number of tourists visiting the objects in Borobudur during the COVID-19 pandemic; to determine the roles of female tour guides for the sustainability of cultural art tourism in Borobudur; to know how female tour guides apply English communicative skills and self-competence in their work. During the COVID-19 pandemic, tourism potential experienced a decline and sluggishness, which inevitably hit the dynamic circle of tourism, arts, culture, and the community's economy, particularly for the tourism actors in Borobudur. Before being affected by COVID-19, Borobudur's tourism and cultural potential were very dynamic and in line with the supportive programs of several Ministries of the Republic of Indonesia. The research combined both qualitative and quantitative research. It used a descriptive method by distributing a questionnaire, doing a survey, using observation, and doing an in-depth interview to collect data. Fifteen female tour guides represented their villages in Borobudur. They played a role in cultural tourism in Borobudur. The research results are, namely (1) Borobudur female tour guides develop their self-competence and enhance their English communication to support Borobudur cultural art tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) Borobudur female tour guides perform essential roles in the tourism industry and family circle by providing alternative side works, such as managing UMKM (community enterprises), running home-industry, etc., and (3) the female tour guides have English communicative competence practiced in groups by developing practical skills and communicative ethics among them.

Liang Ndara village is one of the village in Mbeliling sub-district, West Manggarai regency, Flores of East Nusa Tenggara Province. Liang Ndara village has many tourism potentials specifically regarding to the ecotourism. Free entrance fee in to those tourism places caused by unserious and less attention of the government are becoming problem, as well as Lack of human resources of people is another problem causing the potentials are not well organized yet and even it is not in a good tourism packaging. The research aim to find out the tourism potential that can be made ecotourism packages and packaging them to become an ecotourism in Liang Ndara village. The data collection of this research is by an observation, documentation, interviewing and as well as literature. The data analysis technic used is by analysis technic of qualitative descriptive. The results of this research showed that Liang Ndara village has three kinds of tourism potential which is in a packaging of ecotourism. Those potentials are the natural tourism potentials consist of Mbeliling Mountain, Cunca rami waterfall, Cunca Wae Kantor waterfall and Liang Niki Cave. The cultural tourism potentials are Caci dance, Compang Kafir Stone, Compang Serani statue, Batu Tiga, Hand Weaving of Songke, Farming Activities such as sopi/arak filtration, cultivating of rice field. Man made tourism potentials are information center in the village, guest house, and souvenir shops. The potentials above are packaged in to two kind of ecotourism packages they are Liang Ndara Village Tour and Mbeliling Green Forest Tour. The suggestions are the government is supposed to put their eyes on to develop those potential exist and need to be hand in hand with the tourism actors as well as the society. The travel agencies are expected to make an interesting tourism package like ecotourism and also supposed to be together with the society to take care and survive the tourism potentials existed.

Problem Statement and Purpose. The core problem of research of recreational and tourism potential (RTP) is the systematization and classification of recreational and tourist conditions and resources. The theoretical and methodological direction is fo­cused on the substantiation of a united classification of recreational conditions and resources, and specific developments are focused on applied requests for inventory and assessment of recreational and tourist potential. General classifications are usu­ ally hierarchical and multilevel. Along with hierarchical classifications, the so-called facet classifications have become widespread, dividing the set of objects into facets, which do not have a mandatory methodological requirement of a single classification feature and are deprived of hierarchical organization. In recent decades, the world economy has shifted from tightly coordinated and centralized management, which forms a hierarchical multilevel «management pyramid», to more flexible network structures, the principles of network organization apply to recreational and tourism activities (RTA). The purpose of our study is to develop principles and methods of network systematics of recreational goods in accordance with the latest forms of net­work organization of recreational and tourist activities.Data & Methods. The development of a formalized scheme of directions of the sys­tematics of RTP took place on the basis of a dialectical approach, which requires considering all phenomena and processes in their development, interconnection, and interdependence. With the help of a typological approach the most significant features of similarities and differences in the components of recreational and tourist potential of Odesa region are revealed. System analysis made it possible to move from the study of the functions of specific objects within an ordered system to the study of the structure of the actual recreational and tourist potential system, its interconnected elements and processes.Results. Network systematics of conditions and resources of RTA are devoid of meth­odological restrictions on clear order and multilevel: different types and forms of RTA require certain combinations of recreational conditions and resources, which are currently sufficiently defined and characterized. The emergence of new types of recreational and tourist activities requires the establishment of an appropriate com­bination of initial conditions and resources and does not require revision of the gen­eral classification of components of recreational and tourist potential. Our proposed formalized methodological scheme represents two areas of hierarchical systematics of recreational and tourist potential - component with resource components (natu­ral-geographical, historical-cultural, socio-economic) and functional with types of recreational and tourist activities. The intersection of these two classifications of RTP shows the characteristic and typical combinations of certain resource recreational components for certain types of RTP. For these typical combinations of resource char­acteristics and organizational and economic forms of RTA in network structures, the concept of recreational cluster as a taxonomic unit of taxonomy and classification of recreational and tourist potential has been developed.

Tourism is one of the most important sectors of the Ukrainian economy. Analysis of the tourism potential of the country and its individual regions, in particular its attractiveness – the ability to attract potential tourists, is necessary for the effective functioning of the tourism sector. The purpose of the article is to justify the socio-geographical approach to assessing the tourist potential’s attractiveness of the region and analyse the conditions and factors for such estimation in the objective (quantitative) and subjective (qualitative) dimensions on the basis of factor criteria and performance indicators. The tourist potential’s attractiveness of the region is the degree of attractiveness of the natural, ethnocultural, socio-historical and other tourist resources of the region, its socio-economic and transport infrastructure, reception places and attendants. The tourist potential’s attractiveness of the Carpathian region is ensured by its diversity of relief forms, the picturesque of landscapes, the presence of unique wild nature areas, a significant amount of rivers, the purity of natural waters, a lot of forests, and the richness of flora and fauna. The wealth of anthropogenic tourism resources of the Carpathian region leads to a high attraction of the social segment of the tourist potential of the Carpathian region. All regional centres, a lot of small towns and villages, which have survived, the samples of Old Ukrainian church wooden architecture, castles, religious buildings, defensive structures, old residential and economic buildings of the region have a high attraction. The attractiveness is also ensured by the presence of numerous parks, cafes, restaurants, theatres, museums, cultural and lifestyle habits of local residents, including Hutsuls and Boyks. Along with this, a combination of natural and social tourism resources created in the Carpathian region favourable conditions for the development of all kinds of ethnic and event tourism, rural green tourism. Based on the analysis of approaches to the component of the tourism potential’s assessment and attractiveness, own socio-geographical approach to the construction of a system for assessing the tourist potential’s attractiveness of the region has been formed. These include natural tourist resources, tourist resources of anthropogenic origin, tourist infrastructure, marketing and pricing policies, labour resources, provision of catering facilities, sports and entertainment facilities, the level of transport infrastructure’s development, tourist safety, environmental quality, finance, investment in tourism sphere, general image of the region, economic attractiveness, management, state support and political stability, information. The peculiarity of the proposed approach is to assess the conditions and factors of the tourism potential of the region in an objective and subjective way. Each of these characteristics is described by relevant factor criteria and may be defined by specific quantitative and / or qualitative indicators. With the help of the constructed indicators’ system of tourism potential attraction estimation, we are able to quantitatively and qualitatively estimate the level of tourism industry development in the Ukrainian regions; to highlight the causal relationships in determining the level of tourist potential’s attractiveness; to identify the factors that influence the development of tourism activity, in that destabilizing; to carry out monitoring of tourism activity in the region with the possibility of predicting changes in tourist activity taking on its basis optimal managerial decisions at the state and regional levels. Key words: tourist potential, tourist potential’s attractiveness, Carpathian region, natural and anthropogenic tourist resources.

Tourism is a big revenue–generating industry in Kenya, hence interest in its stability and status. But this industry is very sensitive to a number of factors that affect its performance. To help bridge realized and potential tourism of protected areas as tourist destinations, this study compared the influence of these factors and how they affected tourism achievement. Six factors (biodiversity attributes, physical landscape attributes, cultural attractions, marketing campaigns, facility endowments, and health/security risks) were considered. Scores were assigned for each factor for each protected area and mean scores determined. The mean score of factors for each protected area was considered an index of its tourism potential. This tourism potential index was used to assess whether each protected area had significant tourism potential, had achieved it, or exceeded it (tourism achievement). Only 12 (22.6%) of the protected areas had achieved and/or exceeded their tourism potential, and only 22 out of 53 protected areas (41.51%) had any meaningful potential for tourism. Generally, tourism potential scores were higher than those based on tourist numbers alone (Wilcoxon signed rank test, T = 3.00, p = 0.003), implying that tourist visits alone were not sufficient in evaluating the tourism potential of protected areas. Protected areas that had a high tourism achievement index were: Aberdares, Lake Nakuru, Buffalo Springs, Tsavo West, Nairobi, Tsavo East, Maasai Mara, Lake Bogoria, and Amboseli, respectively. Generally, biodiversity and facility endowment influenced tourist performance, and specifically the marketing campaigns, communication facilities, accessibility, and the diversity of large mammal species. These findings confirm that Kenyan tourism is mainly wildlife based and strongly influenced by facilities and infrastructure. A national tourism–based conservation strategy should be targeting protected areas that have tourism potential but have failed by improving facilities and infrastructure, rather than the current ad hoc approach.

Ujung Kulon National Park has a wide variety of natural tourist different and nice. However, this potential has not been identified by either. For this tourism potential need to be identified and assessment as an effort to develop this location. This research id aimed to identify the potential of nature tourism and assess of object natural tourist attraction at this conservation area. The method used is a case study, in which data collection is done through in-depth interviews and involved observation. Data were analyzed using assessment of object natural tourist attraction. The results showed that the potential of tourism in Gunung Tilu and Curug Cibayoni which has a high value rated with excellent criteria it needs to be included into the form of tourist activities in accordance with the assessment of Object Natural Tourist Attraction. Forms of nature tourism activities are educational tour; religious tour; recreation; tracking; set up a stall for society; agricultural education tour; and handicraft.

This research aims to make an inventory of the potential and strategies for developing tourism in Ende Regency as a tourist attraction, so that policies can be used to develop this attraction in a sustainable manner. This research was conducted in Ende district. Data collection in this study was carried out using the following techniques: 1)) Direct interviews with respondents by visiting respondents based on a questionnaire (list of questions) that had been prepared previously. 2) Observation, which is a collection of data by direct observation in the field to test and complete other data. 3) Documentation, namely obtaining data and information that has been recorded in various documents about various things needed in research that can be obtained from related agencies, such as the Tourism Office, TNK, Inns, Home Stay, Regional Libraries. The problems in this study were analyzed descriptively qualitatively, IFAS analysis (Internal Factors Analysis Summary) and EFAS (External Factors Analysis Summary) and SWOT analysis (Strength Weakneses Opportunities Threat) analysis to design development strategies.
 From the research results, it was found that the internal conditions in the form of strength factors in each tourism area in Ende Regency were beautiful natural panoramas, unique community cultures, historical relics, unique social life, beautiful forests with fresh air. Internal conditions are in the form of weakness factors, including: lack of facilities and infrastructure to support tourism activities, lack of promotion of tourism potentials in each area, lack of human resources in the tourism sector, lack of air, sea and air transportation accessibility and the road to tourism potentials is still narrow, there is a lack of local community involvement in tourism activities in their place. The results of the IFAS matrix analysis found that the internal condition of tourism potential in Ende district was in a moderate position, with a total score of 2.33. External conditions in the form of opportunity factors in each area include: The existence of the mission of Ende district 2014-2019, the proximity of tourism potential in areas other than Kelimutu to the tourist attraction of Kelimutu National Park, strategic location and in the middle route of Ende Regency and Flores Island, advances in information technology and transportation, a trend towards world tourism towards natural tourism (Back to Nature), the growth of the global economy. External conditions in the form of threat factors are the threat of global warming, the circulation of drugs, HIV, the threat of population growth due to migrants resulting in land conversion, cultural change (commodification) and environmental pollution in the form of garbage. The results of the EFAS matrix analysis show the position of the external environment. The tourism potential of Ende Regency as a tourist attraction is in a moderate position, with a total score of 2.44.
 The general strategy used in developing tourism potential in each area is a strategy of maintaining and maintaining. This position states that the tourism potential in each tourism area has an average moderate and competitive attractiveness position. Alternative strategies for developing tourism potential, including: tourism product development strategies in each region, infrastructure and facilities development strategies, tourism product marketing strategies, institutional development strategies and human resource enhancement in tourism, and sustainable tourism development strategies.

Cibiru is one of the sub-districts in the east of the city of Bandung and located at the foot of Mount Manglayang, has been blessed with various kinds of extraordinary natural, cultural and craft resources. Natural wealth in the form of hilly areas, agricultural plantations and abundant water resources. Some areas have also been arranged in such a way by the relevant parties from what were originally in the form of shrubs to green open spaces and beautiful gardens which can also be used for tourism activities. In addition, this sub-district also has the largest arts and culture group in the city of Bandung, which maintains many traditions and cultures that have been passed down from generation to generation and maintains the typical arts of West Java such as Silat, Benjang, Reak and so on. Tourism activities in Cibiru have not been managed properly because there is no legal management to carry out tourism activities. In addition to the absence of mapping and packaging of tourism potential that is owned so that it does not yet have a selling value that can provide economic benefits for the surrounding community. This service activity is carried out as part of an effort to help empower the community so that all tourism potential that is owned can provide great value for the community. The activities carried out are in the form of tourism management training and workshop activities to identify superior tourism potential so that a mapping of tourism potential is obtained as outlined in a tourist map as well as making simple tour packages that can be used as basic capital in marketing tourism potential

Entry. In modern conditions of development of globalization processes, tourism and recreational activities is one of the directions of economic development not only of regions but also the world. The tourism industry on the modern stage the most rapidly evolving and affects the social, cultural, ecological environment and the environment acts as a catalyst for socio-economic development. At the same time, despite the significant amount of scientific research, the specifics of the tour-ist-recreational potential of the regions is not well understood. The aim of the publication is the definition of the functioning of tourist-recreational potential of Odessa region. Results. Determined that the tourism industries are in the top five industries generating the largest revenues in the world. The article examines the features of functioning of tourist-recreational activities. It is determined that the resource potential in each region is different. Refined conceptual and categorical framework in the context of defining "potential" and «tourist potential», «recreational potential», «recreational potential». The approaches to defining the tourism potential: natural, resource. Conducted a comprehensive assessment of tourism and recreational potential of the Odessa region. The tendencies of its composition, present state and usage. It focuses on the problematic aspects of the use of tourist and recrea-tional potential. Conclusions. The analysis of current trends indicates considerable prospects for growth and further development of tourist and recreational potential is the basis for the planning sector at the national and regional levels. Indicates the need for its comprehensive evaluation system, these shortcomings towards the realization of the tourism potential in the sectors of the economy. Key words: tourism, recreation, tourist and recreational resources, environment, the potential tourist and recreation-al potential.

The use of social media for information dissemination for education, environmental movement, natural disasters, emergency, election campaign, grass root movements, non-profit organisations, public health communication, and marketing for health promotion, e-governance, and political revolutions is well known. The economic significance of the health and medical tourism sector in the global healthcare business should not be underestimated. Internet is playing a leading role as a platform for the dissemination of medical tourism business information. In this century, more and more actual and potential tourists are accessing the internet and social media applications to find and disseminate factual information regarding medical tourism facilitators, destinations, super-speciality hospitals, specialist doctors and nurses, quality and accreditation, accommodation facility, cost, waiting period for surgery and sharing their positive and negative experiences to inform potential medical tourists. Healthcare providers and medical tourists acquire information, create, collaborate, communicate and disseminate healthcare and medical tourism related information through the Word-of-Social-Media (WoSM) tools such as FaceBook, Flickr, Twitter, Blogs, Forums, YouTube patient testimonials, Google Plus, LinkedIn, Photo and video sharing, Alexa and mobile applications. Therefore social media has a great potential as an information source and a knowledge dissemination tool for tourism industry to network and create clusters locally and globally, to exploit new innovative technologies for interaction and collaboration between the healthcare providers as well as the medical tourists. The main contribution of this chapter is to explore and discuss the role and use of social media applications for knowledge dissemination by hospitals and the medical tourists in the global business of medical tourism in India.

The article analyzes the structure of craft production in the city of Rivne in the interwar period based on the Lutsk Chamber of Crafts. It was established that in the interwar period in Poland, a fairly thorough legislative framework was developed to regulate all spheres of craft and craft production. A fairly large number of craftsmen of various specialties worked in the city of Rivne. The complicated procedure for obtaining a craft card – the main condition for the legal practice of a craft – led to the fact that many craftsmen worked without permits. The development of craft production not only in Rivne but also in the entire Volyn Voivodeship was hindered by such factors as insufficient technical equipment in craft workshops, the manual method of production, an increase in the cost of labor, a low technical level of manufactured products, inefficient organization of the sale of goods, a change in the economic situation and limited support for the craft sector from the Polish authorities. The most common craft specialties in Rivne used cheap local raw materials. These are the specialties of the leather, metal, wood, textile, and service industry groups. Among them are carpenters, tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, butchers, bakers, etc. Craft production in Rivne in 1921-1939 was mainly aimed at meeting the needs of the local population and, first of all, the rural. Because the solvency of the rural population was low, artisans received a small profit. The rather difficult situation of Rivne artisans and handicraft production was worsened by such unfavorable conditions as competition from the factory industry, stagnation of the construction movement, and an increase in the number of products produced by factories.

This research aims to identify an analysis of spatial and mapping tourism potential in the Dieng Kulon, Banjarnegara using qualitative research methods. Data was obtained through field surveys, interviews, and documentation to gain a comprehensive understanding of existing tourism potential. Next, the data is processed and presented in the form of a digital tourism map to clarify the location and distribution of tourism potential in the area. This research is important to provide useful information for the development of local economic tourism as well as assist in efforts to preserve and sustainably utilize the tourism potential of the Dieng Kulon area. Qualitative methods were chosen to gain an in-depth understanding of existing tourism characteristics as well as community perceptions and expectations regarding tourism development in the region. It is hoped that the results of this research can become a reference for local governments, tourism actors, and the community in planning sustainable tourism development strategies and improving the quality of tourism experiences for visitors. It is also hoped that the resulting digital tourism map can be an effective tool in promoting Dieng Kulon’s tourism potential to the wider community and potential tourists.